With which of the following Prajamandal Movement Kanhaiya Lal Mittal, Mangilal Bavya and Makbul Alam were associated ?
- (1)Jhalawar Rajya Praja Mandal
- (2)Banswara Rajya Praja Mandal
- (3)Bundi Rajya Praja Parishad
- (4)Karauli Rajya Praja Mandal
Answer
Why
Correct — option (1), Jhalawar Rajya Praja Mandal.
Two of the three names lead to Jhalawar. B.L. Panagariya's Rajasthan Mein Swatantrata Sangram records that Jhalawar formed a popular ministry in 1947, with the ruler, Maharaja Harishchandra, as its Prime Minister.
Panagariya names the two Praja Mandal representatives in that ministry: Kanhaiyalal Mittal and Mangilal Bhavya (spelt Bavya in the question).
The Jhalawar District Gazetteer (1964) traces this Praja Mandal to the Mitra Mandal, a young men's association organised by Bal Govind Tewari. It was later converted into the political Praja Mandal, which, the gazetteer says, 'succeeded in forming a popular Ministry in the State'.
The idea to remember: Kanhaiyalal Mittal and Mangilal Bhavya: the Praja Mandal's ministers in Jhalawar's popular government.
Why the others are wrong
- (2)Banswara Rajya Praja Mandal — Banswara's Praja Mandal is linked with other names. Panagariya writes that in 1943 Bhupendranath Trivedi came from Bombay and founded it with Dhulji Bhai Bhavsar, Manishankar Jani, Chimmanlal Malot, Motilal Jadia and others.
In early 1948, he adds, the state accepted the Praja Mandal's demand and made Trivedi Chief Minister.
- (3)Bundi Rajya Praja Parishad — Panagariya calls Bundi's body of 1944 the Bundi Rajya Lok Parishad, founded under Harimohan Mathur, with Brijsundar Sharma as general secretary.
Its story runs the other way from Jhalawar's: when the Maharao announced a popular ministry in 1946, the Parishad refused to join it.
- (4)Karauli Rajya Praja Mandal — Karauli's Praja Mandal was founded in April 1939 by Munshi Trilok Chand Mathur, Panagariya writes, after he had set up a Congress branch there in September 1938.
After Mathur's death, Chiranjilal Sharma took charge of it in 1946, and later sat in the Matsya Union ministry for Karauli.
Concept
Praja Mandals were organisations of the people of the princely states, pressing their rulers for civil rights and responsible government.
In the last years before integration, some rulers formed 'popular ministries' that took in Praja Mandal members. Jhalawar did so: Panagariya names the ruler himself as Prime Minister, while the Jhalawar District Gazetteer says he became one of its members.
The Jhalawar District Gazetteer adds that the ruler later joined the Indian Foreign Service and was elected to the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha from Jhalawar.
RPSC's 2023 syllabus lists "Tribal and Peasant movements in 20th century, Praja Mandal movements in various princely states during 20th century. Integration of Rajasthan."
Sources differ on the year of Jhalawar's popular ministry: the Jhalawar District Gazetteer gives 1946, and Panagariya gives 1947.
Jhalawar then joined the first Rajasthan Union of ten states, which the gazetteer says N.V. Gadgil inaugurated on 25 March 1948, with Kota as its capital.
Key facts
- Panagariya: Jhalawar's popular ministry was formed in 1947 with Maharaja Harishchandra as Prime Minister.
- Panagariya: Kanhaiyalal Mittal and Mangilal Bhavya joined that ministry for the Praja Mandal.
- The Jhalawar District Gazetteer dates the popular ministry to 1946 and traces the Praja Mandal to Bal Govind Tewari's Mitra Mandal.
- Karauli Praja Mandal: founded April 1939 by Munshi Trilok Chand Mathur (Panagariya).
- Banswara Praja Mandal: founded in 1943 by Bhupendranath Trivedi and others; Bundi Rajya Lok Parishad: 1944, under Harimohan Mathur (Panagariya).
Panagariya names Bundi's body 'Lok Parishad'; the question's option (3) calls it 'Praja Parishad'.
Study next
Common traps
- Linking names to a state by shared history alone: Bundi and Jhalawar both joined the first Rajasthan Union in 1948, but Mittal and Bhavya belong to Jhalawar's ministry.
- Assuming every Praja Mandal joined its ruler's ministry: Panagariya says Bundi's Lok Parishad refused to join in 1946.
- Fixing one year for Jhalawar's popular ministry: the Jhalawar District Gazetteer gives 1946 and Panagariya gives 1947.
A question can give a set of leaders and ask which state's Praja Mandal they belonged to.
A question can also match Praja Mandals with founders and founding years, or ask which state's ruler headed a popular ministry himself.
Related PYQs
Consider the following statements about Matsya Union’s Prime Minister Shobaram and choose the correct option from below : A. He left his legal profession during the Non-Cooperation Movement. B. He was the member of the Cabinet of Heeralal Shastri.
- (1) Only A is true.
- (2) Only B is true.
- (3) A and B both are true.
- (4) A and B both are false.
Answer(2)
Related idea: Praja Mandal leaders entering government. That question tests two statements about Shobaram, Matsya Union's Prime Minister (RPSC's key: only B, that he was a member of Heeralal Shastri's cabinet, is true); this one asks which state's Praja Mandal Kanhaiya Lal Mittal, Mangilal Bavya and Makbul Alam belonged to.
Practice
- practice — not a real PYQ
Who founded the Karauli Praja Mandal in April 1939?
- (a)Munshi Trilok Chand Mathur
- (b)Chiranjilal Sharma
- (c)Harimohan Mathur
- (d)Bhupendranath Trivedi
Answer(1) — Panagariya writes that Munshi Trilok Chand Mathur founded the Karauli Praja Mandal in April 1939. Option (2) took charge of it in 1946; option (3) led Bundi's Lok Parishad; option (4) founded Banswara's Praja Mandal. - practice — not a real PYQ
Consider the following statements: A. In Jhalawar, a popular ministry that included Praja Mandal representatives was formed before the state joined the Rajasthan Union. B. The Bundi Rajya Lok Parishad joined the popular ministry announced by the Maharao of Bundi in 1946. Choose the correct option:
- (a)Only A is correct.
- (b)Only B is correct.
- (c)Both A and B are correct.
- (d)Neither A nor B is correct.
Answer(1) — A holds: Jhalawar's popular ministry (1946 in the gazetteer, 1947 in Panagariya) came before the Rajasthan Union of 25 March 1948. B is wrong: Panagariya says the Parishad refused to join. So options (2), (3) and (4) fail.