As per the advance estimates, per capita income of Rajasthan at constant prices (2011 – 12) for the year 2020 – 21 is –

Correct — option (3), ₹ 72,297.

Rajasthan's Economic Review 2020-21, in its chapter Overview of Macro Economic Trends, says: as per the advance estimates, the per capita income at constant (2011-12) prices for 2020-21 is estimated to be ₹72,297, compared with ₹78,390 for 2019-20.

That is a decline of 7.77 per cent over 2019-20. Table 1.10 of the Review lists the same figure, 72297, against 2020-21 (AE).

The stem's three conditions all match this row: advance estimates, constant (2011-12) prices, and the year 2020-21. The figure is ₹ 72,297.

The idea to remember: Rajasthan's per capita income, 2020-21 advance estimate: ₹72,297 at constant (2011-12) prices, ₹1,09,386 at current prices.

Why the others are wrong

• (1)
  ₹ 79,722 — This uses the same five digits as 72,297 in a different order. It is not in the Review's table.

  It would also mean per capita income rose above 2019-20's ₹78,390, while the Review records a 7.77 per cent decline in 2020-21.

• (2)
  ₹ 97,227 — This too rearranges the digits of 72,297 and does not appear in Table 1.10.

  At constant prices the Review's highest Rajasthan figure in the table is ₹78,390 for 2019-20. At current prices, the 2020-21 estimate is ₹1,09,386.

• (4)
  ₹ 75,527 — This is close to, but not the same as, the Review's figure for 2018-19, ₹75,555, a different year.

  For 2020-21 (advance estimates) at constant prices the Review gives ₹72,297.

Per capita income, in the Economic Review's words, “is derived by dividing the Net State Domestic product by the mid year's total population of the State.”

At constant (2011-12) prices, every year's output is valued at 2011-12 prices, so the figure tracks real change. At current prices, it includes price changes.

An advance estimate is the first estimate for a year and is revised later. The Review marks 2018-19 as Revised Estimate-II, 2019-20 as Revised Estimate-I and 2020-21 as Advance Estimates.

Key facts

• Economic Review 2020-21: Rajasthan's per capita income at constant (2011-12) prices, 2020-21 (AE), ₹72,297.
• The 2019-20 figure is ₹78,390, so 2020-21 shows a decline of 7.77 per cent.
• At current prices, 2020-21 (AE) per capita income is ₹1,09,386 against ₹1,15,492 in 2019-20, a decline of 5.29 per cent.
• All India per capita income at constant prices, 2020-21 (AE): ₹86,456, a decline of 8.95 per cent.
• Per capita income = Net State Domestic Product ÷ mid-year total population of the State.

Common traps

• Mixing current and constant prices: ₹1,09,386 is 2020-21 at current prices; ₹72,297 is at constant (2011-12) prices.
• Taking a neighbouring year: ₹78,390 is 2019-20 and ₹75,555 is 2018-19.
• Trusting a familiar-looking number: two options rearrange the digits of 72,297.

UnlockIAS will link similar questions from RAS Pre 2018 and 2016 here once those papers are published on this site.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  According to Rajasthan's Economic Review 2020-21, the per capita income of Rajasthan at current prices for 2020-21 (advance estimates) is

  • (a)₹1,15,492
  • (b)₹1,09,386
  • (c)₹86,456
  • (d)₹72,297
  Answer(2) — The Review gives ₹1,09,386 at current prices. Option (1) is 2019-20 at current prices, option (3) is All India at constant prices for 2020-21, and option (4) is Rajasthan at constant prices.
• practice — not a real PYQ

  As per Rajasthan's Economic Review 2020-21, the change in the State's per capita income at constant (2011-12) prices in 2020-21 over 2019-20 is

  • (a)+3.75 per cent
  • (b)−7.77 per cent
  • (c)−5.29 per cent
  • (d)−8.95 per cent
  Answer(2) — Table 1.10 shows −7.77 per cent. Option (1) is Rajasthan's change in 2019-20, option (3) is the change at current prices, and option (4) is the All India change at constant prices.