Consider the following historical events: 1. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 2. Second Round Table Conference 3. Peasant Movement in Bardoli 4. Peasant Movement in Kheda Which one of the following is the correct chronological order (starting from the earliest) of the above events?
- (a)4–1–3–2
- (b)4–3–1–2
- (c)3–1–2–4
- (d)1–2–4–3
Correct — B, 4–3–1–2. The Kheda peasant movement came first, in 1918, when Gandhi backed Gujarat peasants who were refused a revenue suspension after crop failure. The Bardoli peasant movement followed in 1928 under Vallabhbhai Patel. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931, and the Second Round Table Conference met in London later that same year, from September to December 1931, with Gandhi attending as the Congress representative because of that pact.
- (a)4–1–3–2 — It starts correctly with Kheda but then places the 1931 Gandhi-Irwin Pact before the 1928 Bardoli movement, a three-year inversion.
- (c)3–1–2–4 — It pushes Kheda (1918) to the very end, when Kheda is the earliest of the four by a decade.
- (d)1–2–4–3 — It opens with the 1931 pact and the 1931 conference and relegates both peasant movements of 1918 and 1928 to the end, reversing the real sequence.
Two of the four items belong to Gandhi's early Indian campaigns of local grievance, and two belong to the constitutional negotiations of the Civil Disobedience years. Kheda in 1918 and Bardoli in 1928 were no-revenue peasant struggles in Gujarat; the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of March 1931 suspended Civil Disobedience and brought the Congress into the Second Round Table Conference held later in 1931.
Sequencing items like this get easier if you fix one anchor per pair. Kheda is a First World War-era campaign, alongside Champaran of 1917 and the Ahmedabad mill strike of 1918. Bardoli sits in the late 1920s with the Simon Commission and the Nehru Report. The pact and the conference are both 1931 events in that order, since the pact was the condition on which the Congress agreed to attend.
- The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 followed the refusal to suspend land-revenue collection despite crop failure in Kheda district, Gujarat.
- The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was led by Vallabhbhai Patel, whose leadership there earned him the title 'Sardar'.
- The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931 and suspended the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- The Second Round Table Conference met in London from September to December 1931, with Gandhi as the sole Congress representative.
- 1918 — Peasant movement in Kheda, Gujarat (item 4)
- 1928 — Peasant movement in Bardoli under Vallabhbhai Patel (item 3)
- 5 March 1931 — Gandhi-Irwin Pact (item 1)
- September to December 1931 — Second Round Table Conference (item 2)
Earliest to latest gives 4 – 3 – 1 – 2, option (b).
- Confusing Kheda (1918) with Bardoli (1928) because both are Gujarat peasant movements.
- Reversing the pact and the conference — the pact of March 1931 came first and made Congress attendance possible.
A four-item chronology mixing early Gandhian peasant campaigns with the 1931 constitutional events.
The leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) was
- (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
- (b) Mahatma Gandhi
- (c) Vithalbhai J Patel
- (d) Mahadev Desai
Answer(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Pins the 1928 Bardoli item that this NDA chronology needs you to place second.
What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to organize a satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of Kheda? 1. The Administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought. 2. The Administration proposed to introduce Permanent Settlement in Gujarat. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer(a) 1 only
Covers the Kheda movement, the earliest of the four events here, and why it began.
Consider the following events: 1. Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement 2. All-India Khilafat Conference in Delhi 3. Passing of the Rowlatt Act 4. Jallianwala Bagh incident Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the given events (earliest to latest)?
- (a) 1, 2, 3, 4
- (b) 3, 4, 2, 1
- (c) 3, 2, 4, 1
- (d) 2, 3, 4, 1
Answer(b) 3, 4, 2, 1
The same four-item chronology format on the national movement — NDA repeats this pattern almost every session.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was led by
- (a)Mahatma Gandhi
- (b)Vallabhbhai Patel
- (c)Rajendra Prasad
- (d)Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer(b) Vallabhbhai Patel — the Bardoli campaign earned him the title 'Sardar'.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of March 1931 was directly followed by Congress participation in
- (a)the First Round Table Conference
- (b)the Second Round Table Conference
- (c)the Third Round Table Conference
- (d)the Simla Conference
Answer(b) the Second Round Table Conference — held in London from September to December 1931.