The First Anglo-Maratha War was concluded by which one of the following?
- (a)The Treaty of Surat
- (b)The Treaty of Purandar
- (c)The Convention of Wadgaon
- (d)The Treaty of Salbai
Correct — D, The Treaty of Salbai. Salbai, a village near Gwalior, gave its name to the treaty signed on 17 May 1782 between Mahadji Shinde, negotiating for the Marathas, and Warren Hastings's government, and it closed the First Anglo-Maratha War. The other three names in the option set all belong to the same war, but each marks a stage inside it rather than its end. The settlement returned the territories taken since 1775 except Salsette, set aside the British candidate Raghunathrao with a pension, recognised Madhavrao Narayan as Peshwa, and bought roughly two decades of peace between the Company and the Marathas.
- (a)The Treaty of Surat — The Treaty of Surat of 1775 began the war rather than ending it. Raghunathrao, the ousted claimant to the Peshwaship, promised Salsette and Bassein to the Bombay Presidency in exchange for troops, and the Company's intervention in the Maratha succession is what started the fighting.
- (b)The Treaty of Purandar — The Treaty of Purandar of 1776 was the Calcutta Council's attempt to cancel Bombay's adventure by making terms with the Maratha ministry. It repudiated Surat and dropped Raghunathrao, but Bombay would not abide by it and the war resumed.
- (c)The Convention of Wadgaon — The Convention of Wadgaon of January 1779 was a battlefield surrender, not a peace. A British force retreating from Pune was surrounded and had to give up its gains; the Company's higher authorities disowned the convention and pressed the war on for three more years.
The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1775-1782, grew out of a disputed succession to the Peshwaship after the death of Narayanrao. Raghunathrao's bid for the office drew the Bombay Presidency in on his side, against a Maratha ministry led by Nana Phadnavis acting for the infant Madhavrao Narayan. The war ran through a treaty that started it, a treaty that tried to unmake it, a humiliating convention in the field, and a final settlement at Salbai that restored the position of 1775 and left the Maratha confederacy intact.
Four proper nouns, one war, and the item asks only which one comes last — so the whole thing is a chronology test in disguise. Fix the order and the answer falls out: Surat 1775 opens it, Purandar 1776 tries to close it on Calcutta's terms, Wadgaon 1779 is the field surrender, Salbai 1782 is the peace. A useful cross-check is the company Salbai keeps in the wider picture — it was signed in the same year Tipu Sultan succeeded Hyder Ali in Mysore, and the peace it bought let the Company turn its attention southwards to the Mysore wars. The Marathas remained the dominant Indian power until the Second Anglo-Maratha War, opened by the Treaty of Bassein of December 1802.
- The Treaty of Salbai was signed on 17 May 1782 at Salbai near Gwalior, between Mahadji Shinde for the Marathas and Warren Hastings's government.
- It ended the First Anglo-Maratha War, recognised Madhavrao Narayan as Peshwa and pensioned off Raghunathrao.
- Salsette stayed with the British; the other territories captured after 1775 went back to the Marathas.
- The sequence within the war is Surat 1775, Purandar 1776, the Convention of Wadgaon 1779, and Salbai 1782.
- The Treaty of Bassein, signed on 31 December 1802 by Baji Rao II, is the treaty that opens the Second Anglo-Maratha War — not this one.
- Treaty of Surat, 1775 — Raghunathrao promises Salsette and Bassein to Bombay in return for troops; the war begins
- Treaty of Purandar, 1776 — the Calcutta Council repudiates Surat and makes terms with the Maratha ministry; Bombay ignores it
- Convention of Wadgaon, January 1779 — a British force retreating from Pune is surrounded and surrenders; the Company disowns the convention
- Treaty of Salbai, 17 May 1782 — Mahadji Shinde and Warren Hastings settle the war; Madhavrao Narayan recognised as Peshwa, Salsette retained by the British
All four names in the option set belong to this war. Only the last of them ended it.
- Naming the treaty that started a war when the stem asks for the one that ended it.
- Confusing Salbai, which ends the first war, with Bassein, which begins the second.
- Treating the Convention of Wadgaon as a peace treaty; it was a field surrender the Company refused to honour.
As a war-to-treaty match, as a chronological ordering of the same four documents, or as a which-treaty-ended-which-war one-liner.
Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? List I (Period) : List II (Wars) 1. AD 1767-69 : First Anglo-Maratha War 2. AD 1790-92 : Third Mysore War 3. AD 1824-26 : First Anglo-Burmese War 4. AD 1845-46 : Second Sikh War Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
- (a) 2 and 4
- (b) 3 and 4
- (c) 1 and 2
- (d) 2 and 3
Answer(d) 2 and 3
That item is decided by the very dates this question depends on. Pair 1 fails because the First Anglo-Maratha War ran from 1775 to 1782, closing at Salbai, and not in the 1760s.
CDS_GK_2021_I_Q442021Chronologically arrange the following treaties/conventions signed between the Marathas and the British (starting with the earliest) : 1. Treaty of Salbai 2. Treaty of Purandar 3. Convention of Wadgaon 4. Treaty of Surat Select the correct answer using the code given below :
- (a) 4-2-3-1
- (b) 4-3-2-1
- (c) 1-3-2-4
- (d) 1-2-3-4
Answer(a) 4-2-3-1
The same four documents, asked as an ordering instead of an endpoint. Surat, Purandar, Wadgaon, Salbai is the sequence, and the last of them is the one that ends the war.
CDS_GK_2021_I_Q112021Which Maratha statesman signed the Treaty of Bassein on December 31, 1802?
- (a) Baji Rao II
- (b) Vithuji Holkar
- (c) Daulat Rao Sindhia
- (d) Madhava Rao Narayan
Answer(a) Baji Rao II
The bookend on the other side. Bassein opens the second war twenty years after Salbai closed the first, and telling the two apart is the commonest way this topic is tested.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Treaty of Salbai was signed in which one of the following years?
- (a)1775
- (b)1776
- (c)1779
- (d)1782
Answer(d) 1782 — signed on 17 May 1782 near Gwalior, ending the First Anglo-Maratha War.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Treaty of Bassein of December 1802 was signed by which Maratha ruler with the British?
- (a)Madhavrao Narayan
- (b)Baji Rao II
- (c)Mahadji Shinde
- (d)Raghunathrao
Answer(b) Baji Rao II — his acceptance of a subsidiary alliance at Bassein opened the Second Anglo-Maratha War.