Instruction: Identify the judgements that must hold for the statement to be valid, then choose the correct option. Statement: In an attempt to modernize agricultural output, the government has introduced AI-based crop surveillance tools in rural zones with high farmer suicide rates. Judgements: 1.Traditional methods of crop monitoring are entirely ineffective. 2.Technological interventions may indirectly improve farmer well-being.
- (a)Only judgement 1 follows
- (b)Only judgement 2 follows
- (c)Both 1 and 2 follow
- (d)Neither 1 nor 2 follows
Answer
Why
Correct — B.
Rule: a judgement must hold only if the statement would not make sense without it.
Judgement 2: the tools go to zones with high farmer suicide rates. Picking those zones makes sense only if the tools may help farmers' well-being. It holds.
Judgement 1: modernizing needs the old methods to be improvable, not entirely ineffective. It does not hold → option (b).
Why the others are wrong
- (a)Only judgement 1 follows — Entirely ineffective is stronger than the statement needs. The government can modernize monitoring that works, only less well.
- (c)Both 1 and 2 follow — Judgement 2 holds, but judgement 1's entirely goes beyond the statement, so 'both' fails.
- (d)Neither 1 nor 2 follows — The choice of high farmer suicide zones is the clue: it assumes the tools may help farmers, so judgement 2 must hold.
Concept
This is the assumption format under another name: a judgement that must hold for the statement to be valid. Test each one by negating it.
If technology could not improve farmer well-being in any way, sending it to high-suicide zones would have no point, so judgement 2 is needed. If traditional methods work to some degree, modernizing still makes sense, so judgement 1 is not needed.
Judgement 2 is hedged with may and 'indirectly', which makes it easy to hold. Judgement 1 claims entirely, and the statement gives no ground for that.
Key facts
- A judgement must hold if negating it leaves the statement pointless.
- An absolute word such as 'entirely' needs the statement to support it outright.
- A hedged claim with 'may' needs only a plausible link to the statement.
Study next
Common traps
- Accepting judgement 1 because 'modernize' sounds as if the old way failed
- Rejecting judgement 2 because the statement never mentions well-being in words
12 Sep 2025, 16:00, Reasoning Q.6 uses the same instruction with assumptions in place of judgements (keyed a).
18 Sep 2025, 12:30, Reasoning Q.4 keeps the obvious purpose and rejects the extra motive: that lower prices will attract passengers is implicit, that the railway wants to compete with airlines is not (keyed a).
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.