Find the odd one out from the given alternatives

Correct — D.
Rule: three belong to the freedom struggle against British rule, one began after Independence.

The Swadeshi Movement (from 1905) and the Khilafat Movement (from 1919) were campaigns of that struggle, and the Independence Movement is the struggle itself.

Bhoodan, launched by Vinoba Bhave in 1951, asked landowners to gift land to the landless in a free India → option (d).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Independence Movement — The Independence Movement is the umbrella that Swadeshi and Khilafat sit under, so it groups with them. Bhoodan falls outside it in both date and aim.
• (b)
  Khilafat Movement — The Khilafat Movement protested British treatment of the Ottoman Caliph after the First World War and joined Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement, inside the anti-British struggle.
• (c)
  Swadeshi Movement — The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 against the partition of Bengal and boycotted British goods, squarely part of the freedom struggle.

History odd-one-out items turn on a shared attribute such as period, aim or leader. Sort each movement by when it happened and whom it targeted.

Swadeshi (against the partition of Bengal) and Khilafat (allied with Non-Cooperation) both targeted British rule. Bhoodan targeted land inequality after 1947, through voluntary gifts of land rather than protest.

Key facts

• Vinoba Bhave launched the Bhoodan Movement in 1951 at Pochampally, in present-day Telangana.
• The Swadeshi Movement began in 1905 in response to the partition of Bengal.
• The Khilafat Movement, led by the Ali brothers, allied with Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement.

Common traps

• Picking Independence Movement because it is a general term rather than one campaign
• Placing Bhoodan in the freedom struggle because Vinoba Bhave was Gandhi's associate, though it began in 1951

No directly related past PYQ was found.