S1. In many countries, there are millions of people who are underprivileged and deprived S6. In the past forced labour was imposed by landlords, moneylenders, and other wealthy persons P. Both of these are prohibited under the Constitution of India Q. One such form of exploitation in our country has been begar or forced labour without payment R. The marginalised are often subjected to exploitation by their fellow human beings S. Another closely related form of exploitation is buying and selling of human beings and using them as slaves
- (a)Q S R P
- (b)R Q S P
- (c)P Q S R
- (d)Q S P R
Correct — B, the order R Q S P. R makes the general point that the marginalised are exploited; Q narrows to 'One such form of exploitation… begar', and S adds 'Another closely related form… buying and selling of human beings'; P's 'Both of these are prohibited under the Constitution' then refers back to the two forms in Q and S; S6 rounds off with the historical note on forced labour.
- (a)Q S R P — Opens with Q ('One such form of exploitation'), but 'One such form' presupposes exploitation already introduced — R must come first to supply it; here R sits third instead.
- (c)P Q S R — Leads with P ('Both of these are prohibited'), yet 'both of these' has no antecedent until Q and S have named the two forms, so P cannot come first.
- (d)Q S P R — Pairs Q and S correctly but then puts P before R; R is the general 'the marginalised are exploited' opener that should introduce the specific forms, so ending on it breaks the general-to-specific flow.
A para-jumble solved by general-to-specific movement — a broad statement (R), two specific forms of exploitation (Q, S), then a summarising 'Both of these…' sentence (P) that must follow the pair.
No directly related past PYQ was found.
- practice — not a real PYQ
A sentence beginning 'Both of these are prohibited…' should be placed —
- (a)before the two items are named
- (b)after two items have already been mentioned
- (c)as the opening sentence
- (d)before any general statement
Answer(b) after two items have already been mentioned — 'both of these' needs two antecedents.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Which sentence typically opens a general-to-specific paragraph?
- (a)'One such form is…'
- (b)'Another closely related form is…'
- (c)'The marginalised are often exploited.'
- (d)'Both of these are prohibited.'
Answer(c) 'The marginalised are often exploited.' — the broad statement precedes the specific examples.