Nkrumah was one of the five leaders, who comprised the core of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). He was the leader of which country in Africa?
- (a)Nigeria
- (b)Kenya
- (c)Uganda
- (d)Ghana
Correct — D, Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah led the Gold Coast to independence in 1957, when it took the name Ghana, and he became its first Prime Minister and later its first President. A leading pan-Africanist, he stood alongside Nehru, Nasser, Tito and Sukarno as one of the founding figures of the Non-Aligned Movement, representing Ghana at the 1961 Belgrade Summit.
- (a)Nigeria — Nigeria's independence-era leaders were figures such as Nnamdi Azikiwe and Tafawa Balewa; Nkrumah was never associated with Nigeria.
- (b)Kenya — Kenya's independence and early leadership are linked to Jomo Kenyatta, not to Nkrumah.
- (c)Uganda — Uganda's first post-independence leaders were Milton Obote and later Idi Amin; Nkrumah had no role there.
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), formally founded at the 1961 Belgrade Summit, grouped newly independent states that refused to align with either the US-led or the Soviet-led Cold War bloc. Its founding is usually credited to five leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Sukarno (Indonesia) and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana).
The question pairs a NAM founder with his country. Nkrumah is Ghana's founding leader and a decolonisation icon, so every other African country in the options is a distractor.
- Kwame Nkrumah led the Gold Coast to independence in 1957, when it became the new nation of Ghana.
- He was Ghana's first Prime Minister (1957) and first President (1960).
- NAM's five founders are usually named as Nehru, Nasser, Tito, Sukarno and Nkrumah.
- The first NAM summit was held at Belgrade in 1961.
- Confusing NAM's African founder (Nkrumah of Ghana) with other African independence leaders such as Kenyatta or Azikiwe.
Names a NAM founding leader and asks his country — match Nkrumah to Ghana.
In which country is Bandung, where the Conference of African and Asian nations was held which led to establishing Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), situated?
- (a) Thailand
- (b) Egypt
- (c) Indonesia
- (d) Philippines
Answer(c) Indonesia
Same theme — the origins of the Non-Aligned Movement. That item tests the 1955 Bandung Conference that paved the way for NAM; this one tests one of NAM's founding leaders.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined in the 'Panchsheel' agreement signed by India and China in 1954?
- (a) Mutual non-aggression
- (b) Mutual non-interference
- (c) Peaceful coexistence
- (d) Cultural cooperation
Answer(d) Cultural cooperation
Same area — the ideas behind non-alignment. Panchsheel (peaceful coexistence, 1954) is the foundation of India's non-aligned foreign policy, the movement Nkrumah helped found.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The 1961 Belgrade Summit is associated with the founding of which organisation?
- (a)World Trade Organization
- (b)Non-Aligned Movement
- (c)SAARC
- (d)ASEAN
Answer(b) Non-Aligned Movement — its first summit was held at Belgrade in 1961.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Kwame Nkrumah, a founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was the first head of government of which country?
- (a)Kenya
- (b)Ghana
- (c)Tanzania
- (d)Nigeria
Answer(b) Ghana — the former Gold Coast, which won independence in 1957.