Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. Overfishing poses a significant threat to global marine ecosystems, leading to the collapse of fish stocks and disrupting the food web. 2. This measure helps to restore fish populations, enhance biodiversity, and ultimately support sustainable fishing practices in adjacent waters. 3. The depletion of key species, such as sharks and tuna, can trigger a cascading effect, with far-reaching consequences for the entire ecosystem. 4. To combat this issue, many governments and conservation organizations have established marine protected areas (MPAs) where fishing is either restricted or prohibited.

Correct — C. Two sentences carry pointers and cannot open. Sentence 4's this issue needs a problem named first, and sentence 2's This measure needs a measure named first — the marine protected areas of sentence 4. So 4 comes right before 2.

Sentence 1 names the problem, overfishing, and 3 adds its damage: losing key species such as sharks and tuna can trigger 'a cascading effect'.

Problem (1), damage (3), response (4), result (2) → 1, 3, 4, 2, option (c).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  2, 3, 1, 4 — Opens with This measure, a pointer with nothing before it. It also puts sentence 4, which introduces the marine protected areas, last — after the measure has already been discussed.
• (b)
  3, 4, 1, 2 — Opens on a detail — the depletion of sharks and tuna — before overfishing is named, and places sentence 1 after 'To combat this issue', so the problem arrives after the fix.
• (d)
  4, 3, 1, 2 — Opens with To combat this issue before any issue exists. Overfishing, the problem the protected areas answer, is not named until sentence 1, in third place.

Paragraph jumbles are solved through pointer words. This, these, such and phrases like 'this issue' refer back, so the sentence carrying them cannot open and must follow what it points to.

Look for fixed pairs first. 'To combat this issue ... marine protected areas' followed by 'This measure helps ...' locks 4 before 2.

Then find the opener, the sentence that introduces its subject in full: 'Overfishing poses a significant threat to global marine ecosystems'.

Key facts

• A sentence beginning with a pointer such as 'This measure' or 'this issue' cannot open a paragraph.
• 'To combat this issue' introduces a response, so it follows the sentence that states the problem.
• Sentence 4 defines marine protected areas (MPAs) as zones where fishing is either restricted or prohibited.

Common traps

• Opening with sentence 3 because 'The depletion of key species' has no pronoun — it describes a consequence of overfishing, which sentence 1 names first.
• Reading 'This measure' as pointing to overfishing — overfishing is a threat, and the measure is the MPAs of sentence 4.

No directly related past PYQ was found.