Instruction: Identify the assumptions that must hold for the statement to be valid, then choose the correct option. Statement: The advancement of biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize medicine by allowing for the development of personalized treatments, but it also raises ethical questions regarding genetic manipulation and the potential for inequality in access to these treatments. Assumptions: I. Biotechnology has the power to create personalized medical treatments. II. The ethical implications of biotechnology need to be addressed to prevent misuse. III. Biotechnology will be accessible to everyone, ensuring equality in treatment access.

Correct — A.
Rule: an assumption is what the statement takes for granted. A line the statement contradicts cannot be one.

I holds: biotechnology revolutionizes medicine by allowing for the development of personalized treatments, which takes for granted that it can create them.

II holds: the statement sets ethical questions against the benefit, treating them as a concern that needs addressing.

III fails: the statement warns of inequality in access, so it cannot assume equal access for everyone.

Only I and II are implicit → option (a).

Why the others are wrong

• (b)
  Only II and III are implicit — III sinks this option. The statement names the potential for inequality in access, so it does not assume the treatments will reach everyone equally.
• (c)
  Only I is implicit — Only I leaves out II. The statement raises ethical questions as the cost of the advance, which takes for granted that they need addressing.
• (d)
  All assumptions are implicit — All three includes III, which runs against the statement. A text worried about unequal access cannot be assuming equal access.

For each assumption ask: does the statement need this to be true to make sense? If yes, it is implicit.

A line the statement contradicts can never be implicit. III promises equal access, while the statement itself raises the risk of inequality. That one clash rules out every option containing III.

Key facts

• An assumption is an unstated premise the statement takes for granted.
• A line the statement contradicts cannot be one of its assumptions.
• III clashes with the statement's own words: the potential for inequality in access.

Common traps

• Accepting III because equal access sounds desirable, though the statement doubts it
• Rejecting II because the statement never says 'must be addressed'

No directly related past PYQ was found.