Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. This is particularly challenging in industries such as steel and cement production, where emissions are an integral part of the manufacturing process. 2. As a result, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have emerged as a crucial component of strategies aimed at reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. 3. Achieving carbon neutrality requires a significant reduction in emissions across all economic sectors. 4. These technologies capture carbon dioxide at the source, preventing its release into the atmosphere and either utilizing it or storing it permanently underground.
- (a)1, 2, 3, 4
- (b)3, 1, 2, 4
- (c)2, 1, 3, 4
- (d)4, 3, 1, 2
Answer
Why
Correct — B. Sentence 3 states the goal — cutting emissions across all economic sectors — and points back to nothing, so it opens.
This in sentence 1 refers to that reduction: it is 'particularly challenging' in steel and cement.
As a result in 2 follows from that difficulty and introduces CCS. These technologies in 4 needs CCS already named, so 4 closes → 3, 1, 2, 4, option (b).
Why the others are wrong
- (a)1, 2, 3, 4 — Opens on This, which has nothing to point back to, and places the general goal (3) after the CCS solution it leads to.
- (c)2, 1, 3, 4 — Opens with As a result, a connector that needs its cause stated first — the difficulty in sentence 1 has to come before it.
- (d)4, 3, 1, 2 — Opens on These technologies before any technology is named. CCS is first named in sentence 2, which this order puts last.
Concept
Solve this jumble by its links, not its topic. Three sentences point backwards:
This (sentence 1) needs an idea already stated.
As a result (sentence 2) needs a cause before it.
These technologies (sentence 4) needs the technologies named first.
Sentence 3 has no backward link, so it opens, and each link then fixes the next place.
Sentence 3 sets the general goal and sentence 1 narrows it to the hardest industries — general before particular. 'Particularly challenging' makes sense only once the task it describes is on the table.
Key facts
- A sentence opening with This or These needs its reference in an earlier sentence.
- As a result introduces an effect, so the cause must come before it.
- A term spelled out with its abbreviation in brackets, carbon capture and storage (CCS), marks its first mention.
Study next
Common traps
- Opening with sentence 1 because it names concrete industries — its This has nothing to point to yet.
- Starting with the CCS sentence because it names the topic — As a result shows it answers a problem stated earlier.
A These-sentence placed right after the sentence that names its noun also decides 14 Sep 2025, 09:00, English Q.25: 'These methods' (3) follows 'a series of methods' (2).
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.