What is the role of WTO with respect to globalization?

Correct — C. The World Trade Organization is the global body for the rules of trade between nations. It began on 1 January 1995 under the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement and succeeded the GATT.

Members negotiate trade agreements through it, and it settles trade disputes between them. Globalisation runs on that cross-border trade, so the WTO's role is to keep it rule-based and fair → option (c).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Provide military support — Military support is outside a trade body's remit. The WTO has no armed forces and no security role; its work is trade agreements and trade disputes.
• (b)
  Monitor human rights violations — Human rights monitoring belongs to UN bodies such as the Human Rights Council, not to the WTO, whose mandate is trade.
• (d)
  Control migration policies — Migration policy is set by each country. The WTO deals with trade in goods and services and does not control who may move or settle across borders.

The WTO came out of the Uruguay Round of negotiations (1986–94) and is headquartered in Geneva. It administers trade agreements, hosts new negotiations, reviews members' trade policies and settles trade disputes.

Its core principle is non-discrimination: most-favoured-nation treatment between trading partners, and national treatment of imported goods once they enter a market.

Key facts

• The WTO was established on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994.
• It succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), created in 1948.
• The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations (1986–94) led to the WTO's creation.
• The WTO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

Common traps

• Reading 'globalisation' as a political or security project. The WTO's role is limited to trade.
• Confusing the WTO with the GATT it succeeded in 1995.

No directly related past PYQ was found.