Rearrange the following sentences to form a meaningful passage: 1. The Renaissance marked a revival of classical learning. 2. Artists focused on realism and human emotion. 3. Patronage from wealthy families fueled cultural output. 4. This period reshaped Europe’s intellectual landscape.
- (a)1-3-2-4
- (b)2-1-3-4
- (c)2-3-1-4
- (d)1-2-3-4
Answer
Why
Correct — A. Fix the ends first. Sentence 1 names the topic, the Renaissance, so it opens. Sentence 4 sums up with This period, so it closes.
In between, 3 comes before 2. Patronage from wealthy families fueled cultural output, the broad result; Artists focused on realism and human emotion then says what that output looked like.
General before specific: 1-3-2-4, option (a).
Why the others are wrong
- (b)2-1-3-4 — Opens with 2, so artists appear before the passage has named the Renaissance. The reader has no period to attach them to.
- (c)2-3-1-4 — Opens with 2 as well, and pushes the topic sentence 1 into third place, after details that depend on it.
- (d)1-2-3-4 — 2 before 3 is the near miss. It jumps from classical learning straight to artists, then steps back to the patronage behind that work; the key runs from the funding and its output to the art.
Concept
Solve a four-sentence jumble from its ends. The opener names its subject in full. A sentence starting with a pointing word such as This, That or Such refers back and cannot open.
Here 1 names the Renaissance and 4's This period sums it up, so 1 opens and 4 closes.
Sentences 2 and 3 have no pronoun or connective linking them, so they are ordered by flow: the broader statement (cultural output) before the narrower one (what artists focused on).
Nothing grammatical forces 3 before 2. The key rests on the general-to-specific flow, which is why the printed order, 1-2-3-4, is the tempting miss.
Key facts
- The opening sentence names the topic in full: The Renaissance.
- A sentence starting This period refers back, so it cannot open the passage.
- This key orders the middle pair general before specific: 3 (cultural output) before 2 (what artists focused on).
Study next
Common traps
- Opening with the most vivid sentence, Artists focused on realism, instead of the one that names the topic.
- Accepting the printed order 1-2-3-4 without testing the middle pair.
A fixed opener and closer with a middle pair to order also appears at 17 Sep 2025, 16:00, English Q.24 (ocean acidification), keyed 1-3-2-4.
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.