Read the following statement carefully and identify the conclusion that follows. Statement: All plants are living beings. Some living beings are animals. Conclusions: I. Some plants are animals. II. All animals are plants.

Correct — D.
Rule: a definite conclusion follows only if every diagram the statements allow shows it.

Plants sit wholly inside living beings, and some living beings are animals.
Those animals can lie entirely outside the plant circle, so 'Some plants are animals' is not forced.

Nothing puts all animals inside plants, so 'All animals are plants' fails too.

Neither follows → option (d).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Only I follows — Some plants are animals is possible, not certain. The animals among living beings may all be non-plants, so nothing forces an overlap.
• (b)
  Only II follows — All animals are plants would need every animal inside the plant circle. The statements say only that some living beings are animals.
• (c)
  Both I and II follow — Both fails because neither conclusion is forced: the plant and animal circles need not touch at all.

Draw the circles. Plants sit wholly inside living beings. Animals overlap living beings somewhere, but the statements never say where.

That overlap can fall inside the plant circle or entirely outside it.

Plants and animals meet only through living beings, the middle term, and neither statement covers all living beings. That is the undistributed middle, and it leaves no definite link between plants and animals.

Key facts

• 'All A are B' and 'Some B are C' give no definite conclusion linking A and C.
• A 'some' conclusion follows only if every possible diagram shows the overlap.
• 'Some plants may be animals' would follow as a possibility, but 'Some plants are animals' does not.

Common traps

• Chaining 'All plants are living beings' and 'Some living beings are animals' into 'Some plants are animals'
• Using the real-world fact that plants are not animals instead of the statements

No directly related past PYQ was found.