Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. Anthropogenic climate change, driven by the emission of greenhouse gases, is causing a wide range of disruptions to global ecosystems. 2. Glacial retreat and the melting of polar ice caps have accelerated, contributing to a rise in global sea levels. 3. This has led to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, including droughts, floods, and heatwaves. 4. The collective impact of these changes poses a serious threat to human societies and biodiversity.
- (a)2, 4, 3, 1
- (b)3, 1, 4, 2
- (c)1, 3, 2, 4
- (d)1, 4, 2, 3
Answer
Why
Correct — C. Find the opener first. Sentence 1 names the cause, anthropogenic climate change, and needs nothing before it.
Sentence 3 begins 'This has led to' droughts, floods and heatwaves. This needs a cause of extreme weather, and sentence 1 supplies it, so 3 follows 1.
Sentence 2 adds a further effect: glacial retreat and rising seas.
Sentence 4, 'the collective impact of these changes', sums up and closes → 1, 3, 2, 4, option (c).
Why the others are wrong
- (a)2, 4, 3, 1 — Opens on sentence 2, glacial retreat, before the cause is named, and puts the summing-up 4 second, before extreme weather is even mentioned. Topic sentence 1 ends up last.
- (b)3, 1, 4, 2 — Opens on 'This has led to', a back-reference with nothing before it to point to. A paragraph cannot begin by referring to a sentence it has not yet given.
- (d)1, 4, 2, 3 — Puts sentence 4, 'the collective impact of these changes', second, before any change is listed. It then ends on 3's back-reference instead of the summary.
Concept
Para-jumbles are solved with anchors, not by reading all four orders in full.
The opener introduces the topic and has no pronoun or link word that needs an earlier sentence.
Back-references such as This and 'these changes' tie a sentence to what came before it.
A summary phrase such as 'the collective impact' marks the closing sentence.
Sentences 2 and 3 are both effects of sentence 1, so on meaning alone either could come second. The pronoun decides it: This in sentence 3 needs sentence 1 directly before it.
Key facts
- An opening sentence has no pronoun or link word pointing back, such as This or These.
- A summarising phrase like 'the collective impact of these changes' marks the closing sentence.
- Anthropogenic means caused by human activity.
Study next
Common traps
- Starting with 'This has led to' because it reads like a strong claim.
- Placing the summary sentence second because sentence 1 has already mentioned disruptions in general.
A back-reference fixes the order at 12 Sep 2025, 16:00, English Q.25 too: 'These factors include...' must follow the sentence that names natural and anthropogenic factors, giving the keyed 2, 1, 4, 3.
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.