Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. The rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media platforms represents a major challenge to public discourse. 2. This method involves a systematic verification of facts, claims, and sources to provide a credible assessment of accuracy. 3. This phenomenon can erode public trust in news sources and undermine informed decision-making in a democratic society. 4. As a result, professional fact-checking organizations have emerged as a critical line of defense against the proliferation of false narratives.
- (a)2, 1, 4, 3
- (b)3, 1, 2, 4
- (c)1, 3, 4, 2
- (d)1, 4, 2, 3
Answer
Why
Correct — C. Find the opener first. Sentence 1 names the topic outright: 'The rapid spread of misinformation and disinformation on social media platforms'.
3 opens This phenomenon, which points back to that spread.
4 opens As a result: fact-checking organizations emerge in response to the damage 3 describes.
2 opens This method, which refers to the fact-checking named in 4.
→ 1, 3, 4, 2, option (c).
Why the others are wrong
- (a)2, 1, 4, 3 — Opens with This method, which has nothing to point back to. Fact-checking is not named until sentence 4.
- (b)3, 1, 2, 4 — Opens with This phenomenon before any phenomenon is named. The spread of misinformation is introduced in sentence 1, which must come first.
- (d)1, 4, 2, 3 — Starts correctly but puts 3 last, so This phenomenon would point to fact-checking, making the defence, not the misinformation, what erodes public trust.
Concept
A jumble built on reference words is solved from its opener: the one sentence that names its subject instead of pointing back to it.
Then follow the chain. 'This phenomenon' and 'This method' each need a noun earlier on, and As a result needs a cause before it.
Here the chain runs problem (1), its damage (3), the response (4), how the response works (2).
Only options (c) and (d) begin with sentence 1, so the opener narrows it to two. Sentence 3's This phenomenon settles it: it must follow 1, not the fact-checking sentences.
Key facts
- A sentence opening with 'This + noun' points back and cannot start the paragraph.
- 'As a result' needs its cause in the sentence or sentences before it.
- In this jumble, 'This method' in sentence 2 refers to fact-checking, which sentence 4 introduces.
Study next
Common traps
- Opening with sentence 2 because 'This method involves' reads like a definition — 'This' points back.
- Placing 4 straight after 1, as option (d) does, which leaves 'This phenomenon' pointing at fact-checking.
A 'This process' back-reference decides 14 Sep 2025, 12:30, English Q.24: sentence 2 names what plants, algae and some bacteria can do, and 1 calls it 'This process, known as photosynthesis', keyed 2, 1, 4, 3.
The same name-then-reference chain runs at 14 Sep 2025, 12:30, English Q.25 (pollination), keyed 2, 3, 4, 1.
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.