In the following question, select the related word from the given alternatives Utilitarianism : Consequence :: Deontology : ?

Correct — B.
Rule: ethical theory : the test it applies to an act.

Utilitarianism judges an act by its consequences: the right act produces the most overall good.
Deontology judges an act by duty: some acts are required or forbidden whatever their results.

Deontology : Duty repeats Utilitarianism : Consequence → option (b).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Virtue — Virtue is the centre of virtue ethics, the school traced to Aristotle that asks what a person of good character would do. It is a third theory, not deontology.
• (c)
  Intention — Intention matters in Kant's ethics, the classic deontology, but the standard an act is measured against there is duty. The theory's name comes from the Greek deon, meaning duty.
• (d)
  Value — Value is a general word for what is good or worth pursuing. It is not the test deontology applies, so it cannot stand to deontology as consequence stands to utilitarianism.

The pair names two schools of normative ethics, each with its own test of a right act.

Utilitarianism, set out by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, is consequentialist: judge an act by its results.

Deontology, whose classic form is Immanuel Kant's ethics, holds that some acts are right or wrong in themselves, as a matter of duty. Virtue ethics, a third school, judges the character of the person acting.

Key facts

• Deontology takes its name from the Greek deon, meaning duty.
• Utilitarianism, associated with Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, is the best-known form of consequentialism.
• Virtue ethics, traced to Aristotle, centres on character rather than rules or results.
• Immanuel Kant's ethics is the classic example of deontology.

Common traps

• Picking Intention because Kant weighs the motive behind an act
• Picking Virtue because it sounds like the moral counterweight to consequence

No directly related past PYQ was found.