SSC CGL 2025 Tier-I · 13 September 2025, Shift 2 · General Awareness · Question 17 of 100

We transcribed this text from the pictures on a candidate's response sheet for this shift; the answer is the key SSC colour-marked on that sheet. Solution last reviewed 13 September 2026.

Where this paper and its answers come from

SSC does not publish CGL question papers or a public answer key. From 2025 the candidate response sheet prints every question and option as a picture, so the text here is transcribed from those pictures for this shift and checked against them independently; where the layout carries meaning, the picture is shown as well. Each answer is the key SSC colour-marked on that sheet. SSC released a tentative key for challenge and later its final one, both only to candidates behind a login, and the sheet does not say which of the two it carries. The solutions are written by UnlockIAS.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam(BSA) aims to align Indian evidence law with advancements in:

(a)Forensic science and digital technology
(b)Traditional agricultural practices
(c)Ancient philosophical texts
(d)Oral storytelling traditions

Answer

Why

Correct — A. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 rewrote evidence law around electronic and digital records.

It counts electronic records as documents, gives them the same legal effect as paper records, and treats those produced from proper custody as primary evidence unless disputed.

Courts may also consult an Examiner of Electronic Evidence for an expert opinion → option (a).

Why the others are wrong

(b)
Traditional agricultural practices — Agriculture has no place in evidence law. The Adhiniyam governs how facts are proved in court, and a central change is how it treats electronic and digital records.
(c)
Ancient philosophical texts — Ancient texts play no part. The Adhiniyam replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with a code whose changes include the treatment of electronic records and expert opinion.
(d)
Oral storytelling traditions — Oral evidence was already covered by the 1872 Act. What the new law adds is electronic and digital records, not anything drawn from storytelling traditions.

Concept

Three laws took effect on 1 July 2024:
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, replacing the Indian Penal Code
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

The BSA's distinctive work is on digital evidence: electronic records count as documents, carry the same legal effect as paper, and can be primary evidence.

The forensic half of the keyed option leans on the companion law. The rule that forensic experts must visit the crime scene for offences punishable with at least seven years sits in the BNSS. The BSA governs how the resulting electronic records are admitted in court.

Key facts

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 received assent on 25 December 2023 and came into force on 1 July 2024.
It replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and has 170 sections against the old Act's 167.
Electronic records produced from proper custody are primary evidence unless disputed.
Crime-scene forensics for offences punishable with seven years or more is mandated by the BNSS, not the BSA.

Study next

Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: forensic investigation and electronic recordingBharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: new offences such as organised crimeAdmissibility of electronic records and the certificate requirement

Common traps

Crediting the BSA with the crime-scene forensics mandate: that rule is in the BNSS.
Mixing up the three laws: the BNS defines offences, the BNSS sets procedure, the BSA governs evidence.

The BSA's digital focus is asked at 12 Sep 2025, 09:00, GA Q.17 (keyed: digital and electronic evidence), and the BNS as substantive criminal law at 14 Sep 2025, 09:00, GA Q.17.

Related PYQs

No directly related past PYQ was found.

Topic: Current events — all 232 SSC CGL questions on it, every solved shift.