Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List-I (Revolt)
A. Paika Revolt
B. Bareilly Revolt
C. Malabar Revolt
D. Sylhet Revolt
List-II (Leader)
1

Question

Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List-I (Revolt)
A. Paika Revolt
B. Bareilly Revolt
C. Malabar Revolt
D. Sylhet Revolt
List-II (Leader)
1. Edachena Kungan
2. Radharam
3. Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz
4. Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mahapatra
Codes :

UnlockIAS · Accepted Answer

Correct — A, A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2. Taking the four risings in the order the list gives them. (A) The Paika Revolt of 1817–18 in Khurda, Odisha, was led by Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mahapatra — 'Bakshi' being his office as commander of the Khurda Raja's forces. The Paikas were a hereditary militia who held rent-free service land; when the Company took Odisha from the Marathas in 1803 it resumed those lands, insisted on revenue in silver instead of cowrie shells, raised the salt duty and monopolised the ports, and the Paikas rose under Jagabandhu in May 1817. So A goes with 4. (B) The Bareilly Revolt of 1816 was led by Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz, the town's senior Islamic jurist. The Company had imposed a house tax to pay for a municipal police establishment; the Mufti carried the townsmen's petition to the magistrate in March 1816, the dispute hardened after the tax collectors manhandled a woman, and the rising spread into Pilibhit, Shahjahanpur and Rampur before troops put it down with heavy loss of life. So B goes with 3. (C) The Malabar Revolt here is the Cotiote resistance of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam, and Edachena Kungan was his most effective field commander — the man who planned the same action at Panamaram Fort in 1802 with about 150 Kurichiya bowmen, and who had already broken a Company column at Panamarathukota in Wayanad on 11 October 1802. So C goes with 1. (D) The Sylhet Revolt of 1786 was the rising of Radharam Datta, a merchant turned zamindar at Chargola on the Sylhet frontier, who refused to register his estate under the Company's settlement and was styled 'Nawab' by the people around him; Robert Lindsay, the Collector of Sylhet, crushed him with a fleet of war-boats. So D goes with 2. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 is option (a). One shortcut is worth having: 'Bakshi Jagabandhu' and 'Paika' are so tightly bound in every textbook that fixing A-4 alone eliminates (b), (c) and (d) in a single stroke.

Why the other options are wrong — (b) Swaps the first two leaders, giving the Paika Revolt to Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz and the Bareilly Revolt to Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mahapatra. Both are impossible on geography alone: the Paikas were the militia of Khurda in coastal Odisha and were led by the Khurda Raja's own Bakshi, while Bareilly is a Rohilkhand town in the Ceded and Conquered Provinces of the upper Ganga plain, where the leader was its Mufti — a Muslim law officer, not a Maratha-era military commander from Odisha.  (c) Keeps the correct Malabar pair but scrambles the other three, handing Paika to the Mufti, Bareilly to Radharam and Sylhet to Jagabandhu. Radharam Datta's rising was at Chargola in the Sylhet country of eastern Bengal in 1786 and was suppressed by the Collector of Sylhet — he has no connection with Rohilkhand — and Jagabandhu belongs to Odisha, not to the Surma valley.  (d) Gets every pair wrong. It moves Radharam to Odisha, Edachena Kungan to Bareilly, the Mufti of Bareilly to Malabar and Jagabandhu to Sylhet. Edachena Kungan is a Malayali Nair commander of the Kottayam house in north Kerala, and the only revolt on this list he can belong to is the Malabar one.

Concept: Between the 1760s and 1856 the Company faced a long series of civil and tribal risings that historians group together as 'popular resistance before 1857'. They share a pattern rather than a programme: a new revenue settlement or tax dispossesses an old landholding, military or priestly group; that group's traditional leader — a zamindar, a militia commander, a religious figure — becomes the head of the resistance; the rising is local, fought with local weapons, and is put down by regular troops within a year or two. Paika, Bareilly, Malabar and Sylhet are four textbook specimens of exactly that pattern from four different corners of the subcontinent.

State PCS 2024 Q138 — History PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2024 Q138 — History PYQ with Answer