Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya's expeditions are correct? 1. In the early years of his reign he marched against the ruler of Orissa. 2. In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan. 3. Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya. Select the answer using the code given below:
- (a)1 and 3 only
- (b)2 and 3 only
- (c)1, 2 and 3
- (d)1 and 2 only
Correct — C, 1, 2 and 3. Krishnadevaraya (r. 1509-1529) of the Tuluva dynasty did all three. In the early years of his reign he marched east against the Gajapati ruler of Orissa, taking Udayagiri fort from 1512 and eventually forcing Prataparudra Deva to terms. In 1520 CE he captured the strategic fort of Raichur, in the Raichur doab, from Ismail Adil Khan (Adil Shah) of Bijapur after a hard-fought siege. And he intervened in Bahmani politics, restoring Sultan Mahmud Shah and taking the title Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya, the establisher of the Yavana (here, Muslim) kingdom. All three statements are therefore correct.
- (a)1 and 3 only — This drops statement 2, but the capture of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan in 1520 is one of Krishnadevaraya's best-documented victories, so 2 is also correct.
- (b)2 and 3 only — This drops statement 1, but his early campaign against the Gajapati ruler of Orissa (the Kalinga expedition beginning with Udayagiri) is well attested, so 1 is correct too.
- (d)1 and 2 only — This drops statement 3, but Krishnadevaraya did restore Sultan Mahmud Shah and assume the title of Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya, so 3 is also correct.
Krishnadevaraya was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, of the Tuluva dynasty, reigning from 1509 to 1529 with his capital at Hampi. His reign combined military expansion on three fronts — against Orissa's Gajapatis in the east, the Deccan sultanates in the north, and rebellious chiefs in the south — with a golden age of Telugu and Sanskrit literature. He himself wrote the Telugu classic Amuktamalyada.
The question tests whether a student knows that all three claims are genuine, which is harder than spotting a single wrong one. Each is a landmark of his reign: the Orissa (Gajapati) campaign secured the eastern frontier; the 1520 capture of Raichur was the decisive blow in the long tussle with Bijapur over the fertile Raichur doab; and his king-making in the Bahmani succession earned him the grand title. Accounts of his court survive through the Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes, who visited Vijayanagara around 1520-22.
- Krishnadevaraya ruled Vijayanagara from 1509 to 1529 and belonged to the Tuluva dynasty; his capital was Hampi.
- His early Kalinga campaign against the Gajapati ruler of Orissa began with the siege of Udayagiri fort in 1512.
- He captured Raichur from Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur on 19 May 1520, after a difficult siege of the Raichur doab.
- He restored a Bahmani sultan (Mahmud Shah) and took the title 'establisher of the Yavana kingdom'; he authored the Telugu work Amuktamalyada.
- Assuming only one or two of the three statements are true, when all three are correct.
- Confusing Krishnadevaraya (Tuluva) with earlier Sangama rulers such as Devaraya I or II.
Asked through statement-based (how many are correct) or single-fact questions on Krishnadevaraya's conquests, titles and literary work.
Consider the following statements: 1. Narasimha Saluva ended the Sangama dynasty and seized the throne for himself and started the Saluva dynasty. 2. Vira Narasimha deposed the last Saluva ruler and seized the throne for himself. 3. Vira Narasimha was succeeded by his younger brother, Krishnadeva Raya. 4. Krishnadeva Raya was succeeded by his half-brother, Achyuta Raya. Which of these statements given above are correct?
- (a) 1, 2 and 3
- (b) 2, 3 and 4
- (c) 1 and 4
- (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Same subject — the Vijayanagara succession that brought Krishnadeva Raya to the throne. Like the NDA item, it is a statement-based question where every statement is correct, tracing the Sangama-Saluva-Tuluva transition down to Krishnadeva Raya and his successor Achyuta Raya.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Telugu literary work 'Amuktamalyada' was authored by which Vijayanagara ruler?
- (a)Harihara I
- (b)Devaraya II
- (c)Krishnadevaraya
- (d)Rama Raya
Answer(c) Krishnadevaraya — the Tuluva emperor who wrote the Telugu classic Amuktamalyada.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Battle of Raichur (1520), in which Krishnadevaraya captured the fort of Raichur, was fought against which power?
- (a)The Gajapatis of Orissa
- (b)The Bijapur Sultanate (Adil Shahi)
- (c)The Mughals
- (d)The Bahmani Sultanate of Gulbarga
Answer(b) The Bijapur Sultanate — Raichur was taken from Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur.