Which one among the following was NOT a Panch Sheel principle?
- (a)Peaceful Co-existence
- (b)Mutual respect for territorial integrity
- (c)Nuclear deterrence
- (d)Non-interference in internal affairs
Correct — C, Nuclear deterrence. The Panch Sheel ('Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence'), set out in the 1954 India-China agreement, are: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty; mutual non-aggression; mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence. Nuclear deterrence is not among them.
- (a)Peaceful Co-existence — This is the fifth and best-known Panch Sheel principle, so it is one of the five, not the exception.
- (b)Mutual respect for territorial integrity — This is the first Panch Sheel principle (mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty).
- (d)Non-interference in internal affairs — Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs is one of the five principles.
Panch Sheel was articulated in the preamble to the 1954 Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India, signed on behalf of Nehru and Zhou Enlai. Its five principles became a cornerstone of India's non-aligned foreign policy and were echoed at the 1955 Bandung Conference.
Recall the five and spot the intruder. Options (a), (b) and (d) are three of the five principles; 'nuclear deterrence' — a Cold War security doctrine — was never part of Panch Sheel, so it is the odd one out.
- Panch Sheel means the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, from the 1954 India-China agreement.
- The five are territorial integrity and sovereignty, non-aggression, non-interference, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
- It is associated with Nehru and Zhou Enlai and was reaffirmed at Bandung (1955).
- 'Nuclear deterrence' is a security doctrine, not a Panch Sheel principle.
Nuclear deterrence is the intruder — the other five are the Panch Sheel principles.
- Adding plausible-sounding items (nuclear deterrence, cultural cooperation, non-alignment) to the five principles.
- Confusing Panch Sheel (the five principles) with the wider Non-Aligned Movement.
Asked as 'which is NOT a Panch Sheel principle', or by listing the five principles and their 1954 origin.
Which one of the following is NOT a principle of “Panchsheel”?
- (a) Non-alignment
- (b) Peaceful Co-existence
- (c) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
- (d) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
Answer(a) Non-alignment
Same concept and same trap — spotting the item that is NOT a Panch Sheel principle. UPSC's intruder was 'Non-alignment'; here it is 'Nuclear deterrence'. The five principles are identical.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined in the 'Panchsheel' agreement signed by India and China in 1954?
- (a) Mutual non-aggression
- (b) Mutual non-interference
- (c) Peaceful coexistence
- (d) Cultural cooperation
Answer(d) Cultural cooperation
Same concept and format — which item is NOT a Panch Sheel principle. That NDA item's intruder is 'Cultural cooperation'; here it is 'Nuclear deterrence'.
Which one among the following does NOT figure among the Five Principles of Panchsheel?
- (a) Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty
- (b) Equality and mutual benefit
- (c) Peaceful coexistence
- (d) Nuclear non-proliferation
Answer(d) Nuclear non-proliferation
Same concept — the odd one out among the five Panch Sheel principles. That NDA item's intruder is 'Nuclear non-proliferation'; here it is the similar-sounding 'Nuclear deterrence'.
- practice — not a real PYQ
In which year were the Panch Sheel principles first formally enunciated?
- (a)1947
- (b)1950
- (c)1954
- (d)1962
Answer(c) 1954 — in the India-China agreement on Tibet.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Panch Sheel is most closely associated with which pair of leaders?
- (a)Nehru and Zhou Enlai
- (b)Gandhi and Jinnah
- (c)Nehru and Kennedy
- (d)Indira Gandhi and Bhutto
Answer(a) Nehru and Zhou Enlai.