Russia and Ukraine war has been going on for the last seven months. Different countries have taken independent stands and actions keeping in view their own national interests. We are all aware that war has its own impact on the different aspects of society, including human tragedy. What are those ethical issues that are crucial to be considered while launching the war and its continuation so far? Illustrate with justification the ethical issues involved in the given state of affair.

Key learnings from their answer

• ›She deliberately ran both ethical lenses against each other rather than picking one, weighing utilitarian vs deontological reasoning on the economic-sanctions dilemma (Q5b), and threading Nishkam Karma, Kant's categorical imperative and Aristotle's golden mean through the action-and-consequences questions (Q6b). -> Show the examiner you can hold competing moral frameworks in tension and then resolve them; balanced reasoning beats a one-sided verdict in Ethics.
• ›Theory answers followed a consistent, examiner-friendly skeleton: open by unpacking the prompt/quote or a definition, develop a sub-pointed (i, ii, iii) body with examples, and close with a 'Hence...' line tied back to a thinker, with key terms boxed and keywords underlined throughout. -> A repeatable structure plus visual signposting lets an evaluator find your argument fast under time pressure; standardise your own template so quality holds across all 12 answers.

Key learnings from their answer

• ›She wove thinkers precisely to the question rather than decoratively, Kant's categorical imperative for Q6(b), Gandhi's 'commerce without morality' as a deadly sin against the Q10 water-tanker cartel, Amartya Sen's capability approach, and Daniel Goleman plus Jacinda Ardern's 'not enough fuel in the tank' resignation for the Q3(b) emotional-intelligence prompt -> match each quote/theorist to the specific dilemma it actually resolves; relevance, not name-dropping, is what a thinker citation buys you.
• ›Across Section A nearly every body point carries an 'eg-' tag rather than floating as a bare claim, in Q1(b) on conscience vs loyalty she stacks Kiran Bedi towing Indira Gandhi's car, Vibhishan, Raja Ram Mohan Roy opposing sati, T.N. Seshan, Aruna Roy, and Irom Sharmila's 16-year hunger strike -> in ethics, one illustrative example per point is the unit of credibility; build a deep, reusable bank of named figures so you can attach a concrete case to any argument under time pressure.