Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer from the code given below the lists. List – I (Person) A. M. S. Swaminathan B. L. K. Jha C. Verghese Kurien D. Morarji Desai List – II (Concerned with) 1. Social control on Banks 2. Milk Production 3. Green Revolution 4. Economic Administration Reforms Code :
- (a)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
- (b)A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
- (c)A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
- (d)A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
Correct — D, A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1. A–3: M. S. Swaminathan is the agricultural scientist identified above all others with India's Green Revolution, the man who worked with Norman Borlaug to bring high-yielding dwarf wheat and rice varieties into Indian fields from the mid-1960s; he received the first World Food Prize in 1987 and later chaired the National Commission on Farmers. B–4: Lakshmi Kant Jha chaired the Economic Administration Reforms Commission of the Government of India from 1981 to 1988. C–2: Verghese Kurien is the architect of Operation Flood and of the Amul cooperative model, and stands for milk production in every Indian textbook. D–1: Morarji Desai was Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister from March 1967 to July 1969, exactly the period of the 'social control' of banks — the policy of steering bank credit toward agriculture and small industry through directions and board changes rather than by taking the banks over. He opposed outright nationalisation and resigned when Indira Gandhi took the finance portfolio from him in July 1969 and nationalised the fourteen largest banks.
- (a)A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 — It gets Morarji Desai right and rotates the other three. It makes Swaminathan the milk man and Kurien the administrative reformer, when the reverse is true of the first pair and neither is true of the second: Kurien built Amul and Operation Flood, and the Economic Administration Reforms Commission was L. K. Jha's.
- (b)A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 — Every pair is wrong. It has an agricultural scientist running bank policy and a Prime Minister leading the Green Revolution. Morarji Desai's connection to agriculture is nil in this context; his List-II entry is social control on banks, which he presided over as Finance Minister.
- (c)A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 — This is the sophisticated trap, and the pairing B–1 is why. L. K. Jha was Governor of the Reserve Bank of India from 1967 to 1970 — that is, through the social-control years and the 1969 nationalisation — so a well-read candidate is tempted to pair him with banks. But the question asks what each person is 'concerned with' in the sense of the body he headed, and Jha's is the Economic Administration Reforms Commission; the social-control policy is credited to the Finance Minister of the day, Morarji Desai.
This is a person-to-programme match drawn from three separate strands of post-independence policy. The Green Revolution of the mid-1960s onwards raised foodgrain output through high-yielding varieties, fertiliser and assured irrigation, and M. S. Swaminathan is its Indian face. The White Revolution, run as Operation Flood from 1970 under Verghese Kurien and the National Dairy Development Board, did something structurally different — it organised producers into cooperatives and built a marketing chain, making India the world's largest milk producer. Banking policy moved in two steps: social control from 1967, which left ownership private but directed lending toward priority sectors, and nationalisation in July 1969, which did not. Administrative reform is the fourth strand, and L. K. Jha's Economic Administration Reforms Commission of the 1980s is the body named here.
Work from the two certainties outward. Swaminathan–Green Revolution and Kurien–milk are the pairs almost every candidate knows, and fixing A–3 and C–2 already eliminates options (a), (b) and (c) between them. The remaining choice between Jha and Desai for banks versus administrative reform is the real discrimination, and it turns on a distinction worth internalising: the person 'concerned with' a policy in these questions is the political head who owned it, not the official who implemented it. Desai was Finance Minister through social control; Jha, though RBI Governor at the time, is remembered for the reforms commission he chaired later.
- M. S. Swaminathan — Indian Green Revolution; worked with Norman Borlaug on high-yielding wheat and rice; first World Food Prize, 1987; chaired the National Commission on Farmers
- L. K. Jha — Chairman of the Economic Administration Reforms Commission, 1981–1988; earlier Secretary to the Prime Minister 1964–67 and Governor of the Reserve Bank of India 1967–70
- Verghese Kurien — Operation Flood and the Amul cooperative model; the White Revolution in milk
- Morarji Desai — Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, March 1967 to July 1969, the period of 'social control' of banks; he opposed nationalisation and resigned in July 1969
- Social control (1967) directed private banks' lending toward priority sectors; nationalisation of the fourteen largest banks followed in July 1969
- Pairing L. K. Jha with banks because he was RBI Governor in 1967–70; the question wants the commission he chaired
- Confusing the Green Revolution (foodgrains, Swaminathan and Borlaug) with the White Revolution (milk, Kurien and Operation Flood)
- Treating social control and nationalisation as the same event — they are two years and two very different policies apart
UPPSC asks person-to-field matching in almost every paper, and reuses the same handful of names — Swaminathan, Kurien, Borlaug, committee chairmen. UPSC rarely matches names in a list; it asks about the programme instead, or plants a famous name as a distractor to see whether the candidate knows what that person actually did.
Norman Ernest Borlaug who is regarded as the father of the Green Revolution in India is from which country?
- (a) United States of America
- (b) Mexico
- (c) Australia
- (d) New Zealand
Answer(a) United States of America
The other half of pair A-3. Swaminathan is the Indian name attached to the Green Revolution and Borlaug the international one; the high-yielding wheat varieties came out of Borlaug's Mexican programme and were adapted for Indian conditions.
Who among the following introduced the concept of entitlements in food security ? 1. M. S. Swaminathan 2. Atul Pranay 3. Samali Srikant 4. Amartya Sen Select the correct answer from the code given below : Code :
- (a) 1 and 2
- (b) 3 and 4
- (c) Only 4
- (d) Only 1
Answer(c) Only 4
The same person three years later, this time planted as the trap. Swaminathan stands for food availability through higher yields; the entitlements idea — that famine can occur without any fall in food supply — is Amartya Sen's. Knowing what each name is 'concerned with' is exactly the skill this 2022 match tests.
With reference to India, consider the following events : 1. Nationalisation of Banks 2. Formation of Regional Rural Banks 3. Adoption of villages by Bank Branches Which of the above events can be considered as steps taken to achieve "financial inclusion in India" ?
- (a) Only 2 and 3
- (b) 1, 2 and 3
- (c) Only 1 and 2
- (d) Only 3
Answer(b) 1, 2 and 3
UPPSC's own version of the banking-policy chain that pair D-1 begins. It confirms that nationalisation and the Regional Rural Banks are treated as the sequel to social control, all aimed at pushing credit to the under-banked.
- practice — not a real PYQ
'Operation Flood', launched in 1970, is associated with which of the following?
- (a)Foodgrain production
- (b)Milk production
- (c)Fisheries development
- (d)Oilseed production
Answer(b) Milk production — Operation Flood, led by Verghese Kurien through the National Dairy Development Board, built the cooperative dairy network that made India the world's largest milk producer.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The 'social control' policy over commercial banks in India was introduced in which year, and was followed by nationalisation in which year?
- (a)Social control 1955; nationalisation 1966
- (b)Social control 1967; nationalisation 1969
- (c)Social control 1969; nationalisation 1980
- (d)Social control 1949; nationalisation 1955
Answer(b) Social control 1967; nationalisation 1969 — social control directed private banks' lending toward priority sectors, and the fourteen largest banks were nationalised in July 1969.