UPSC 2024: With reference to revenue collection by Cornwallis, consider the following statements: 1. Under the Ryotwari Settlement of revenue collection, the peasants were exempted from revenue payment in case of bad harvests or natural calamities. 2. Under the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, if the Zamindar failed to pay his revenues to the state, on or before the fixed date, he would be removed from his Zamindari. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 ✗ Under Cornwallis’s Permanent/decennial settlements the state demand on the zamindar was ‘rigidly fixed’; remission was generally *not* allowed even when crops failed, and default led to sale of the estate ([historydiscussion.net](https://www.historydiscussion.net/british-india/settlement-of-land-during-the-british-rule-indian-history/6328?utm_source=openai)). 2 ✓ In Bengal’s Permanent Settlement (1793) a zamindar retained his zamindari so long as he paid the assessed revenue on the due date; failure alone triggered forfeiture ([drishtiias.com](https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper1/land-revenue-systems-in-british-india?utm_source=openai)). Hence only statement 2 is correct.