Consider the following and arrange them in the correct chronological order. 1. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission 3. Jal Jeevan Mission 4. National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy Select the correct answer from the code given below :
- (a)2, 4, 1, 3
- (b)2, 4, 3, 1
- (c)4, 2, 1, 3
- (d)4, 2, 3, 1
Correct — A, 2, 4, 1, 3. The four fall in this order: the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission was launched on 3 December 2005; the National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy carries its year in its own title, 2007; the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation was launched on 25 June 2015; and the Jal Jeevan Mission was launched on 15 August 2019. So the sequence runs 2005 → 2007 → 2015 → 2019, which is items 2, 4, 1, 3 — option (a). Note that three of the four are urban programmes of the housing and urban affairs ministry, while the Jal Jeevan Mission is a rural drinking-water mission of the Ministry of Jal Shakti and is also the most recent of the set.
- (b)2, 4, 3, 1 — It starts correctly with 2005 and 2007 but then puts the Jal Jeevan Mission (2019) before AMRUT (2015). AMRUT is the older of the two by four years.
- (c)4, 2, 1, 3 — It opens with the National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (2007) ahead of JNNURM (2005). JNNURM came first, and the housing policy of 2007 was framed while the mission was already running.
- (d)4, 2, 3, 1 — It combines both errors — the 2007 policy placed before the 2005 mission, and the 2019 Jal Jeevan Mission placed before the 2015 AMRUT. Only the middle pair happens to sit next to each other.
India's urban programme architecture has come in waves. JNNURM (2005) was the first large, reform-linked urban investment mission, covering about 63 cities — seven with over four million people, twenty-eight million-plus cities and twenty-eight selected State capitals and cities of religious, historic or tourist importance — and tying central funds to municipal reforms. The National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007 set the policy frame for affordable urban housing. AMRUT (2015) narrowed the focus to basic urban infrastructure — water supply, sewerage, septage, storm-water drains, green spaces and non-motorised transport — across roughly 500 cities under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. The Jal Jeevan Mission (2019) sits outside this urban family: it is the Ministry of Jal Shakti's 'Har Ghar Jal' programme for functional tap-water connections to rural households.
Chronology sets like this are decided by two or three well-chosen anchors, not by four remembered dates. Anchor one: the policy in the list carries its year in its own name — 'National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007'. Anchor two: JNNURM is the oldest, a 2005 mission that ran a seven-year term extended to 31 March 2014. That single fact — 2005 before 2007 — already eliminates options (c) and (d). Anchor three: AMRUT (2015) precedes Jal Jeevan Mission (2019), which kills option (b). Do not be misled by the names: 'Jawaharlal Nehru' in JNNURM does not make it a Nehru-era scheme, and 'Atal' in AMRUT does not date it to the Vajpayee government of 1998-2004 — both are named in honour of former Prime Ministers, not dated by them.
- JNNURM was launched on 3 December 2005 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh; initially a seven-year mission, extended by two years to 31 March 2014
- JNNURM covered about 63 cities and ran under the Ministry of Urban Development, with components under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
- The National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy dates from 2007 — the year is part of its official title
- AMRUT was launched on 25 June 2015 under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and targets basic urban infrastructure in roughly 500 cities; the first phase allocated funds to 90 cities in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Rajasthan
- The Jal Jeevan Mission was launched on 15 August 2019 for functional household tap connections in rural India — the only non-urban item in this set, and the most recent
- 3 December 2005 — Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (item 2): reform-linked urban investment in about 63 cities
- 2007 — National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (item 4): the year is written into the policy's own title
- 25 June 2015 — Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (item 1): water supply, sewerage, drains and green spaces in about 500 cities
- 15 August 2019 — Jal Jeevan Mission (item 3): tap water to every rural household; the only rural, non-urban programme in the list
Answer (a): 2, 4, 1, 3. Fixing JNNURM as the oldest removes two of the four codes at once, and knowing AMRUT is older than Jal Jeevan Mission removes a third.
- Dating a scheme by the leader it is named after — AMRUT (2015) is not from the Vajpayee years and JNNURM (2005) is not from the Nehru era
- Assuming everything in an 'urban' list is urban; the Jal Jeevan Mission is a rural drinking-water mission of the Ministry of Jal Shakti
- Mixing up AMRUT with the Smart Cities Mission or with AMRUT's later phase when only the original launch year is asked
UPPSC asks scheme chronology as a four-item code question almost every cycle, usually mixing one policy document with three missions; UPSC prefers to ask what a scheme covers, which ministry runs it, or which older programmes it subsumed.
The Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana which came into operation from 1 December 1997 aims to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed or underemployed poor but does not include
- (a) Nehru Rozgar Yojana
- (b) Urban Basic Services Programme
- (c) Prime Minister’s Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Programme
- (d) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana
Answer(d) Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana
The same concept one generation earlier — the lineage of India's centrally sponsored urban programmes, where each new scheme absorbs or supersedes named predecessors. Knowing which programme came before which is exactly what the 2025 question rewards.
Consider the following financial institutions of India: 1. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) 2. Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) 3. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) 4. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) The correct chronological sequence of the establishment of these institutions is
- (a) 1, 2, 3, 4
- (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
- (c) 3, 4, 1, 2
- (d) 4, 1, 2, 3
Answer(a) 1, 2, 3, 4
The identical exercise on a different set — sequencing India's flagship development institutions and programmes by their founding year, decided by anchoring the oldest and the newest rather than recalling every date.
Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order : 1. Establishment of NABARD 2. Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme 3. Kisan Credit Card Plan 4. Establishment of Regional Rural Bank Select the correct answer from the codes given below. Codes :
- (a) 4, 1, 2, 3
- (b) 4, 2, 3, 1
- (c) 1, 2, 3, 4
- (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
Answer(a) 4, 1, 2, 3
UPPSC's standing template for this topic — four government institutions or programmes to be ordered by year, with the code options built so that pinning down the oldest item alone eliminates half of them.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) is implemented by which Union Ministry?
- (a)Ministry of Jal Shakti
- (b)Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
- (c)Ministry of Rural Development
- (d)Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Answer(b) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs — AMRUT funds water supply, sewerage, drains, green spaces and non-motorised transport in about 500 cities.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Which one of the following was launched the earliest?
- (a)Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
- (b)Jal Jeevan Mission
- (c)Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
- (d)National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy
Answer(c) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission — launched on 3 December 2005, ahead of the 2007 housing policy, AMRUT (2015) and the Jal Jeevan Mission (2019).