UPPSC 2023 Prelims GS Paper-I · Question 49 of 150

Correct — B, Moplah Revolt. Ordering the four: the Home Rule Movement began in 1916; the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on 13 April 1919; the Khilafat Movement was launched in 1919; and the Moplah (Malabar) Rebellion broke out in August 1921. Among the given events the Moplah Revolt is the latest — indeed it grew out of the Khilafat–Non-Cooperation agitation in Malabar, so it necessarily came after the Khilafat Movement had begun.

• (a)Jallianwala Bagh Massacre — Took place on 13 April 1919 — after the Home Rule agitation but two years before the Moplah Revolt, so not the last.
• (c)Khilafat Movement — Launched in 1919; the Moplah rebellion of 1921 actually arose from the Khilafat agitation in Malabar, so Khilafat's start precedes it.
• (d)Home Rule Movement — The earliest of the four — Tilak's and Annie Besant's Home Rule Leagues were set up in 1916.

This slice of the freedom struggle runs from the Home Rule agitation of the First World War years into the early Gandhian mass phase. The Home Rule Leagues (1916) demanded self-government; the Rowlatt satyagraha led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919); the Khilafat cause (1919) merged with Non-Cooperation (1920-22); and the Moplah (Mapilla) peasant uprising of 1921 erupted in Malabar amid that ferment.

Fix the anchors that are hard to shuffle: Home Rule = 1916 (earliest) and Jallianwala Bagh = April 1919. The only real contest is Khilafat vs Moplah. The key is that the Moplah rebellion of 1921 was triggered by the Khilafat–Non-Cooperation movement in Malabar, so it must post-date the launch of Khilafat — making Moplah the last.

• Home Rule Movement — 1916 (Tilak's League in April, Besant's in September).
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre — 13 April 1919.
• Khilafat Movement — launched 1919, peaking with Non-Cooperation in 1920-22.
• Moplah (Malabar) Rebellion — August 1921, the last of the four; an offshoot of the Khilafat agitation in Malabar.

• Placing Khilafat after Moplah — the Moplah revolt (1921) actually followed from the Khilafat agitation.
• Assuming Jallianwala Bagh (1919) is the latest because it is the most famous event.

UPPSC/UPSC love chronology ('earliest/last in order') for the 1915-1922 window — memorise the year of each landmark and their cause-and-effect links.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  Which of the following freedom-struggle events came first in chronological order?

  • (a)Khilafat Movement
  • (b)Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  • (c)Home Rule Movement
  • (d)Moplah Revolt

  Answer(c) Home Rule Movement — begun in 1916, the earliest of these events.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  The Moplah (Malabar) Rebellion of 1921 was closely linked to which wider movement?

  • (a)Swadeshi Movement
  • (b)Khilafat–Non-Cooperation Movement
  • (c)Civil Disobedience Movement
  • (d)Quit India Movement

  Answer(b) Khilafat–Non-Cooperation Movement — the Malabar agitation grew out of it.