UPPSC 2023 Prelims GS Paper-I · Question 129 of 150

Correct — D, both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Article 79 states that the Parliament of India consists of the President and the two Houses — the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha) — so (A) is true: the President is very much a part of Parliament. (R) is also true and it explains (A): under Article 111, a Bill passed by both Houses becomes an Act only after the President assents to it. This required role in law-making is precisely what makes the President an integral, functioning component of Parliament rather than an outside authority. Because (R) supplies the reason (A) holds, the correct code is D.

• (a)Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) — (R) does explain (A): the President's assent under Article 111 is the concrete way the President participates in Parliament's law-making, which is why the President counts as a part of Parliament. So (R) is the correct explanation, not an unrelated fact.
• (b)(A) is true but (R) is false — (R) is true — Article 111 requires the President's assent before a Bill passed by both Houses becomes law, so (R) cannot be called false.
• (c)(A) is false but (R) is true — (A) is true — Article 79 expressly makes the President a part of Parliament (Parliament = President + two Houses), so (A) is not false.

Article 79 provides that Parliament consists of the President and the two Houses — Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. Though a part of Parliament, the President is not a member of either House (Article 59) and does not sit or debate; the President's parliamentary functions are summoning, proroguing and dissolving the Houses (Article 85), addressing Parliament (Article 87), and giving or withholding assent to Bills (Article 111). The idea mirrors the British concept of the 'Crown-in-Parliament'.

Students who picture the President only as the 'executive head' pick (a) or (c). But the Constitution deliberately makes the President a component of Parliament, and the assent requirement of Article 111 is the very reason for it — so (R) explains (A), giving (d). Note the nuance: being 'part of Parliament' is not the same as being a 'member of a House' — the President is the former, not the latter.

• Article 79: Parliament consists of the President and two Houses (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha).
• Article 111: a Bill needs the President's assent to become law (the President may assent, withhold, or return a non-Money Bill).
• Article 59: the President is not a member of either House of Parliament.
• The design borrows from the British 'Crown-in-Parliament' concept.

• Thinking the President is outside Parliament (confusing 'not a member of either House' with 'not part of Parliament')
• Marking (R) as 'not the correct explanation' despite the direct Article 79-111 link

Asked as assertion-reason or statement items on the composition of Parliament and the President's legislative role — always tie 'part of Parliament' to Article 79 and the assent requirement of Article 111.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  Under which Article does the Parliament of India consist of the President and the two Houses?

  • (a)Article 74
  • (b)Article 79
  • (c)Article 85
  • (d)Article 111

  Answer(b) Article 79.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  A Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament becomes an Act only after:

  • (a)publication in the official Gazette
  • (b)the President's assent (Article 111)
  • (c)approval by the Supreme Court
  • (d)ratification by the States

  Answer(b) the President's assent under Article 111.