Consider the following events and arrange them in chronological order. I. The foundation of Gadar Party II. Chittagaon Armoury Raid III. Set up of the 'Indian Independence Committee' at Berlin IV. Central Assembly Bomb Case Select the correct answer from the code given below :
- (a)I, III, IV and II
- (b)III, I, II and IV
- (c)III, I, IV and II
- (d)I, III, II and IV
Correct — A, I, III, IV and II. The four events fall in this order. (I) The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 among Indian emigrants on the Pacific coast of North America — the founding conference is dated 15 July 1913, held at Astoria in Oregon, with the party's headquarters, the Yugantar Ashram, at San Francisco. (III) The Berlin Committee, which came to be called the Indian Independence Committee, was set up in Berlin in 1914, in the opening months of the First World War, by Indian students and exiles working with the German Foreign Office. (IV) The Central Assembly Bomb Case arose from 8 April 1929, when Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs from the visitors' gallery into the chamber of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, scattered leaflets, raised the cry of Inquilab Zindabad and deliberately allowed themselves to be arrested. (II) The Chittagong Armoury Raid followed on 18 April 1930, when Surya Sen led his group in seizing the police and auxiliary-force armouries and proclaiming a provisional revolutionary government. 1913, then 1914, then 1929, then 1930 — that is option (a).
- (b)III, I, II and IV — Wrong twice over. It puts the Berlin Committee (1914) before the Ghadar Party (1913), reversing the first pair, and it puts the Chittagong Armoury Raid (18 April 1930) before the Central Assembly Bomb Case (8 April 1929), reversing the second. It is the exact mirror of the truth at both ends.
- (c)III, I, IV and II — The second half is right — Central Assembly Bomb Case in 1929 before Chittagong in 1930 — but the first half is inverted. It places the Berlin Committee ahead of the Ghadar Party, whereas Ghadar was founded in 1913 and the Berlin Committee only in 1914, after the war had begun. Candidates fall into this because the Berlin Committee is so firmly associated with the First World War that 1914 feels like the natural starting point of overseas revolutionary activity; in fact the Ghadar movement was already organised and publishing before the war broke out, and its cadres then fed into the wartime conspiracy.
- (d)I, III, II and IV — The first half is right — Ghadar in 1913 before Berlin in 1914 — but the last two are swapped. It places the Chittagong Armoury Raid before the Central Assembly Bomb Case, when the bombs were thrown in the Delhi Assembly on 8 April 1929 and the Chittagong armouries were seized on 18 April 1930, more than a year later. The two events are close in date and identical in spirit, both being armed actions by young revolutionaries, so the order is easy to blur; the memory hook is that Bhagat Singh's Assembly action came first and his execution, in March 1931, came after Chittagong.
The four events belong to the two great phases of revolutionary nationalism, and each phase has an overseas and an Indian face. The first phase runs through the First World War. The Ghadar Party, founded in 1913 among Punjabi emigrants in the United States and Canada and led ideologically by Lala Har Dayal with Sohan Singh Bhakna as its first president, published the paper Ghadar and planned to return to India and raise a mutiny in the army; the attempt, in 1915, was betrayed and crushed. The Berlin Committee, set up in 1914 with figures such as Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and Champakaraman Pillai, sought German arms and diplomatic backing for the same design, and the two efforts joined in what British records called the Hindu–German conspiracy. The second phase belongs to the late 1920s. The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association carried out the Assembly bomb action of April 1929 — not to kill, but, in Bhagat Singh's own phrase, because it takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear — as a protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill. A year later Surya Sen's group in Chittagong attempted something far more ambitious: an armed seizure of a district's armouries in the name of an Indian Republican Army.
Chronology questions are answered by pairwise elimination, not by dating four things at once. Start with the pair you are surest about. Here, if you know only that the Ghadar Party is a pre-war body of 1913 and the Berlin Committee a wartime one of 1914, options (b) and (c) both die immediately, because both open with the Berlin Committee. That leaves (a) and (d), which differ solely in whether the Assembly bomb case or the Chittagong raid came first — a single comparison, 1929 against 1930, and the question is over. Two comparisons decide four events. It is also worth noticing the deeper pattern the question quietly teaches: the revolutionary movement did not run continuously. It surged before and during the First World War, went largely quiet during the years of the Non-Cooperation Movement, and revived in the late 1920s after Non-Cooperation was withdrawn — which is exactly why there is a gap of fifteen years between the second and third events in this list.
- Ghadar Party — founded in 1913 among Indian emigrants on the Pacific coast of North America; founding conference 15 July 1913 at Astoria, Oregon; headquarters Yugantar Ashram, San Francisco; Lala Har Dayal its leading ideologue.
- Berlin Committee, later the Indian Independence Committee — set up in Berlin in 1914 by Indian students and exiles with German support; Virendranath Chattopadhyaya was among its prominent figures.
- Central Assembly Bomb Case — 8 April 1929: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs into the Central Legislative Assembly chamber in Delhi, scattered leaflets and courted arrest.
- Chittagong Armoury Raid — 18 April 1930, led by Surya Sen ('Masterda'), who seized the armouries and proclaimed a provisional revolutionary government.
- The chronological order is therefore 1913, 1914, 1929, 1930 — I, III, IV, II — which is option (a).
- 15 July 1913 — Ghadar Party founded at Astoria, Oregon; headquarters Yugantar Ashram, San Francisco (I)
- 1914 — Berlin Committee, later the Indian Independence Committee, set up in Berlin as the First World War begins (III)
- 1915 — the Ghadar rising in India is betrayed and suppressed; the wartime revolutionary phase closes
- 1920–22 — Non-Cooperation Movement; revolutionary activity largely dormant, which is why the list has a fifteen-year gap
- 8 April 1929 — Central Assembly Bomb Case: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw bombs in the Delhi Assembly and court arrest (IV)
- 18 April 1930 — Chittagong Armoury Raid led by Surya Sen (II)
- 23 March 1931 — Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru executed at Lahore, after both events above
1913 → 1914 → 1929 → 1930, that is I, III, IV, II = option (a). Knowing only that Ghadar preceded Berlin kills options (b) and (c) at once; the remaining choice is the single comparison 1929 against 1930.
- Assuming the Berlin Committee came first because it belongs to the First World War. The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913, before the war; the Berlin Committee only in 1914, after it began.
- Swapping the Assembly bomb case and the Chittagong raid. They are almost exactly a year apart — 8 April 1929 and 18 April 1930 — and both are armed actions, so their order is the commonest slip in this question.
- Dating the Ghadar Party by its rising rather than its foundation. The party was founded in 1913; the mutiny it attempted inside India came in 1915.
Chronological ordering is one of UPPSC's signature formats — the commission set such items in 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024 and 2025, most of them drawn from the freedom struggle. The events chosen are usually close enough in date that guessing fails but far enough apart that two secure anchors settle the sequence. UPSC prefers match lists and single-fact questions on the same material — who led the Chittagong raid, what the Ghadar was, who founded which society. Preparing a single dated timeline of the revolutionary movement from 1897 to 1934 answers both styles.
The Ghadr (Ghadar) was a
- (a) revolutionary association of Indians with headquarters at San Francisco
- (b) nationalist organization operating from Singapore
- (c) militant organization with headquarters at Berlin
- (d) communist movement for India’s freedom with headquarters at Tashkent
Answer(a) revolutionary association of Indians with headquarters at San Francisco
The same organisation, and note that UPSC's own distractor list offers 'headquarters at Berlin' — precisely the confusion between the Ghadar Party and the Berlin Committee that decides the first half of the 2022 UPPSC sequence. Fixing that one distinction answers both questions.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists: List I I. Chittagong Armoury Raid II. Kakori Conspiracy III. Lahore Conspiracy IV. Ghadar Party List II A) Lala Hardayal B) Jatin Das C) Surya Sen D) Ram Prasad Bismil E) Vasudev Phadke Codes:
- (a) I–C, II–D, III–A, IV–E
- (b) I–D, II–C, III–B, IV–E
- (c) I–C, II–D, III–B, IV–A
- (d) I–B, II–D, III–C, IV–A
Answer(c) I–C, II–D, III–B, IV–A
Two of the four events in the 2022 sequence appear here — the Chittagong Armoury Raid and the Ghadar Party — matched to Surya Sen and Lala Har Dayal respectively. It is the same body of knowledge tested as people rather than as dates, which is why a single timeline carrying event, year and leader serves both papers.
Who among the following was NOT an early member of the 'Naujawan-Sabha' formed in 1926 A.D.?
- (a) Bhagat Singh
- (b) Yaspal
- (c) Chhabil Das
- (d) Ambika Chakravarti
Answer(d) Ambika Chakravarti
A remarkably close relative of this question. Its answer turns on separating the Punjab revolutionaries around Bhagat Singh — the group behind the 1929 Assembly action — from Ambika Chakrabarty, who belonged to Surya Sen's Chittagong group. That is exactly the distinction a candidate needs to order events IV and II correctly here.
Arrange the following events in a chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below : I. Appointment of Simon Commission II. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre III. Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March IV. Death of Ferozshah Mehta Codes :
- (a) IV, II, I, III
- (b) I, II, IV, III
- (c) II, III, IV, I
- (d) IV, III, II, I
Answer(a) IV, II, I, III
The same format from the same commission, on the same period, and solved the same way — anchor the one or two events you are certain of and eliminate. It confirms that a dated freedom-struggle timeline, rather than isolated facts, is what this paper actually rewards.
Consider the following events and arrange them in correct chronological order. 1. Poona Pact 2. End of Civil Disobedience Movement 3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact 4. Second Round Table Conference Select the correct answer from the code given below : Code :
- (a) 3, 4, 2, 1
- (b) 4, 3, 2, 1
- (c) 4, 3, 1, 2
- (d) 3, 4, 1, 2
Answer(d) 3, 4, 1, 2
Three years later, the identical construction on the adjoining years of the same struggle — 1931 and 1932, immediately after the Chittagong raid of 1930. Read alongside the 2022 and 2019 items it shows that UPPSC sets at least one freedom-struggle chronology question in almost every paper.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Who among the following threw bombs in the chamber of the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1929 ?
- (a)Chandrashekhar Azad and Ram Prasad Bismil
- (b)Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt
- (c)Surya Sen and Ganesh Ghosh
- (d)Rajguru and Sukhdev
Answer(b) Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt — they threw two bombs from the visitors' gallery in protest against the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill, scattered leaflets, raised the cry of Inquilab Zindabad and deliberately submitted to arrest so that they could use the trial as a platform.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Berlin Committee, later known as the Indian Independence Committee, was set up in 1914 principally in order to
- (a)petition the British Parliament for dominion status for India
- (b)obtain German arms and diplomatic support for an armed revolt in India during the First World War
- (c)organise Indian labour emigrating to the plantations of the West Indies
- (d)coordinate the Home Rule Leagues founded by Tilak and Annie Besant
Answer(b) obtain German arms and diplomatic support for an armed revolt in India during the First World War — Indian students and exiles in Germany worked with the German Foreign Office on plans that British records described as the Hindu–German conspiracy, in concert with the Ghadar movement. The Home Rule Leagues came later, in 1916, and were constitutional agitations.