The Travel and Tourism Competitive Index (TTCI) is released by
- (a)World Bank
- (b)International Monetary Fund
- (c)World Economic Forum
- (d)United Nations Development Programme
Correct — C, World Economic Forum. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), along with its accompanying Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report, is published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) — the Geneva-based body best known for its annual Davos meeting. First released in 2007, it benchmarks economies on the factors and policies that make the travel and tourism sector sustainable and competitive. The WEF renamed it the Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) from the 2021 edition.
- (a)World Bank — The World Bank is known for reports such as the (former) Ease of Doing Business ranking, the World Development Report and the Logistics Performance Index — not the TTCI.
- (b)International Monetary Fund — The IMF brings out the World Economic Outlook and the Global Financial Stability Report — macro-economic surveillance, not a tourism competitiveness index.
- (d)United Nations Development Programme — The UNDP publishes the Human Development Report and the Human Development Index — not the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international not-for-profit body (Geneva) that produces a family of benchmarking indices. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index is one of them, ranking countries on enabling conditions (business environment, safety, health, infrastructure), tourism policy and natural/cultural resources.
This is a classic 'which body releases index X' item, best solved by mapping indices to their publishers: WEF owns the competitiveness-type indices (Global Competitiveness, Global Gender Gap, Travel & Tourism, Energy Transition), while UNDP = Human Development Report, World Bank = Doing Business, and IMF = World Economic Outlook.
- Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) — published by the World Economic Forum (WEF); first edition 2007
- Renamed the Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI) from 2021
- Other WEF flagship reports: Global Competitiveness Report, Global Gender Gap Report, Energy Transition Index
- WEF was founded by Klaus Schwab in 1971; headquartered in Geneva, with its annual meeting at Davos
- Confusing the WEF with UNWTO (the UN's specialised tourism agency) for a tourism index
- Attributing competitiveness/ranking reports to the World Bank or IMF by reflex
UPPSC and UPSC frequently ask 'which organization releases report/index X' — build a quick index-to-publisher map, with the WEF holding the competitiveness and gender-gap indices.
The Global Competitiveness Report is published by the
- (a) International Monetary Fund
- (b) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
- (c) World Economic Forum
- (d) World Bank
Answer(c) World Economic Forum
Exactly the same concept — identifying the World Economic Forum as the body behind one of its flagship indices; the Global Competitiveness Report and the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index are both WEF publications.
Who among the following is the founder of World Economic Forum?
- (a) Klaus Schwab
- (b) John Kenneth Galbraith
- (c) Robert Zoellick
- (d) Paul Krugman
Answer(a) Klaus Schwab
Same institution — reinforces WEF identity: it was founded by Klaus Schwab in 1971 and is the body that publishes the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The 'Global Gender Gap Report' is published by which organization?
- (a)World Economic Forum
- (b)UN Women
- (c)UNDP
- (d)World Bank
Answer(a) World Economic Forum — the WEF publishes the Global Gender Gap Report, as it does the Travel & Tourism and Global Competitiveness indices.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Which of the following indices is NOT published by the World Economic Forum?
- (a)Human Development Index
- (b)Global Competitiveness Index
- (c)Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
- (d)Energy Transition Index
Answer(a) Human Development Index — the HDI is a UNDP publication; the other three are WEF indices.