UKPSC Prelims 2025 Q120: Which of the following rights is/are NOT included in the

Q: What is the answer to UKPSC Prelims 2025 Q120?

A. Correct — A, Only 1. Article 19(1) opens with the words "All citizens shall have the right" and then lists its freedoms clause by clause. Freedom of speech and expression is clause (a), assembling peaceably and without arms is clause (b), and practising any profession is clause (g). So items 4, 2 and 3 are all inside the article. Item 1 is not a freedom clause at all: equality of opportunity in matters of public employment is guaranteed by Article 16, which sits under the Right to Equality. Exactly one listed right therefore falls outside Article 19(1), and the code is **Only 1**. Carry away that **the "Right to Freedom" heading covers Articles 19 to 22, while equality of opportunity is an Article 16 guarantee**.

UKPSC Prelims 2025 General Studies Paper-I · Question 120 of 149

Verified against the official question booklet. Answer as per UKPSC's provisional answer key.

Answers from UKPSC's provisional answer key. The Commission publishes a provisional key for UKPSC Prelims 2025 and invites objections before issuing a final key. Every answer shown here is the Commission's own provisional answer (key PDF), not our derivation. If the final key changes an answer, this page is updated to match.

Which of the following rights is/are NOT included in the ‘Right to Freedom’ under Article 19(1)? 1. Right of equal opportunities 2. Right to assemble peaceably 3. Right to practise any profession 4. Freedom of speech and expression

(a)Only 1
(b)1 and 2
(c)1 and 3
(d)Only 4

Answer

Why

Correct — A, Only 1.

Article 19(1) opens with the words "All citizens shall have the right" and then lists its freedoms clause by clause. Freedom of speech and expression is clause (a), assembling peaceably and without arms is clause (b), and practising any profession is clause (g).

So items 4, 2 and 3 are all inside the article. Item 1 is not a freedom clause at all: equality of opportunity in matters of public employment is guaranteed by Article 16, which sits under the Right to Equality.

Exactly one listed right therefore falls outside Article 19(1), and the code is Only 1. Carry away that the "Right to Freedom" heading covers Articles 19 to 22, while equality of opportunity is an Article 16 guarantee.

Why the others are wrong

(b)
1 and 2 — This adds item 2, which is inside Article 19(1). Clause (b) guarantees the right "to assemble peaceably and without arms", so peaceful assembly is a listed freedom and cannot be an omission from the list.
The qualifier is where a real distinction lies. An assembly that carries arms falls outside clause (b), and that is the point a question on armed processions or the limits of assembly turns on.
(c)
1 and 3 — This adds item 3, which is Article 19(1)(g) — the right to practise any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business. It is one of the article's own clauses.
The shared verb invites the slip. "Practise" also appears in Article 25, the freedom to profess, practise and propagate religion, and that right does sit outside Article 19.
(d)
Only 4 — Item 4, freedom of speech and expression, is Article 19(1)(a) — the opening clause of the very right the stem names — so it cannot be the excluded item.
Item 4 does have a feature of its own: it is the freedom that clause 19(2) restricts, on grounds such as public order, decency or morality, contempt of court and defamation. Assembly and profession answer to their own clauses, 19(3) and 19(6).

Concept

Part III groups the fundamental rights under headings. The "Right to Freedom" heading runs from Article 19 to Article 22, and Article 19(1) is its catalogue of freedoms guaranteed to citizens.

Equality of opportunity is a different kind of guarantee. Article 16 promises equal opportunity in matters of public employment, and it belongs to the Right to Equality, Articles 14 to 18.

A right can sound like a freedom and still live in another article. What decides the answer is the article a right is written into, not how the phrase sounds.

A stem of this shape asks you to place a right on the constitutional map rather than to explain what it means. Once each phrase carries an article number in your head, the code follows mechanically.

Article 19 also anchors a great deal of constitutional litigation, because each freedom it lists is paired with its own restriction clause. Knowing which clause restricts which freedom is the natural second step after knowing what the article contains.

Key facts

Article 19(1) guarantees six freedoms: speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession, occupation, trade or business.
Article 19(1)(a) is freedom of speech and expression; 19(1)(b) protects assembly "peaceably and without arms".
Article 19(1)(g) covers practising any profession and carrying on any occupation, trade or business.
The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 deleted Article 19(1)(f), the right to property; property is now a constitutional right under Article 300A.
The 97th Amendment Act, 2011 added the words "or co-operative societies" to Article 19(1)(c).
Article 16(1) guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters of employment or appointment to any office under the State.
Restriction clauses map one to one: 19(2) speech, 19(3) assembly, 19(4) associations, 19(5) movement and residence, 19(6) profession and trade.
The Right to Equality spans Articles 14 to 18; the Right to Freedom spans Articles 19 to 22.
Article 19 rights are guaranteed to citizens, while Articles 14 and 21 are worded to cover any person.

Where each listed right is actually written

1. Right of equal opportunities→Article 16 — Right to Equality

2. Right to assemble peaceably→Article 19(1)(b) — with the words "without arms"

3. Right to practise any profession→Article 19(1)(g) — profession, occupation, trade, business

4. Freedom of speech and expression→Article 19(1)(a) — restricted by clause 19(2)

Only the first item lies outside Article 19(1); the other three are clauses of it, which is why the code is Only 1.

Study next

The six freedoms of Article 19(1) matched to their restriction clauses, 19(2) to 19(6)Grounds of reasonable restriction under Article 19(2), including sovereignty and integrity added by the 16th Amendment, 1963Article 16 in full: equality of opportunity, and the reservation clauses 16(4) and 16(4A)Right to property after the 44th Amendment, 1978 — from Article 19(1)(f) and 31 to Article 300AWhich fundamental rights are guaranteed to citizens only and which extend to all persons

Common traps

The stem is negative. Sorting the four items into those you can place inside Article 19(1) and then marking those gives the exact opposite of the code required.
"Right of equal opportunities" is phrased like a freedom, but its constitutional home is Article 16 under the Right to Equality.
"Practise any profession" in 19(1)(g) shares a verb with "practise ... religion" in Article 25; a shared word is not a shared article.
Clause 19(1)(b) reads "peaceably and without arms". Dropping the qualifier changes what the clause actually protects.
An older list of Article 19 freedoms carries the property clause, 19(1)(f), which was deleted in 1978 — recite the article from memory and that clause can creep back in.

One form gives a list of rights and asks you to sort them into those that belong to a named article and those that do not, then pick a code. The stem may run positively ("includes") or negatively ("NOT included"), and the direction alone flips the answer.

A second form pairs a freedom with the clause that restricts it, or asks which amendment changed what Article 19 contains. A third asks whether a particular right is available to citizens only or to all persons.

Related PYQs

CDS_GK_2022_I_Q632022

The same sorting exercise on the same article — decide which listed rights are inside Article 19(1). The direction and the deciding item differ: that stem asks what the article includes and turns on the property clause deleted in 1978, while this one asks what it excludes and turns on an Article 16 guarantee.

CDS_GK_2021_II_Q752021

Also Article 19, but one clause deeper. It asks which grounds justify restricting speech under 19(2), whereas this item stops at whether a right belongs to 19(1) at all — the same article approached from restrictions rather than contents.

CDS_GK_2021_I_Q782021

Shares the citizenship dimension of Article 19, listing freedom of speech among rights to be tested for availability to non-citizens. It sorts rights by who holds them; this question sorts the same kind of list by which article contains them.

UKPSC_2023_MAINS_UKPCSMainsPolity2023_Q112023

The same commission on the same article, in descriptive form: it asks you to write out the reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech. That answer needs the 19(2) grounds; this Prelims item needs only the placement of each right.

Practice

practice — not a real PYQ
Which one of the following freedoms is NOT enumerated in Article 19(1) of the Constitution of India as it stands today?
- (a)To form associations or unions or co-operative societies
- (b)To move freely throughout the territory of India
- (c)To acquire, hold and dispose of property
- (d)To reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
Answerc — The right to acquire, hold and dispose of property was clause 19(1)(f). The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 removed it, and property now rests on Article 300A.
The rest are still in the article: (a) is clause 19(1)(c), widened by the 97th Amendment, 2011 to name co-operative societies; (b) is clause 19(1)(d); (d) is clause 19(1)(e).
practice — not a real PYQ
Reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression are provided for in which clause of Article 19?
- (a)Clause 19(2)
- (b)Clause 19(3)
- (c)Clause 19(4)
- (d)Clause 19(6)
Answera — Clause 19(2) allows reasonable restrictions on the freedom guaranteed by 19(1)(a), on grounds including public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation and incitement to an offence.
The other clauses govern other freedoms: 19(3) restricts assembly, 19(4) restricts associations and unions, and 19(6) restricts profession, occupation, trade or business.
practice — not a real PYQ
"Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment" is guaranteed by which Article of the Constitution of India?
- (a)Article 14
- (b)Article 15
- (c)Article 16
- (d)Article 19
Answerc — Article 16(1) guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.
Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws to any person. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Article 19 lists the freedoms of citizens, a separate heading of Part III.
practice — not a real PYQ
Which one of the following statements about Article 19 of the Constitution of India is correct?
- (a)The freedoms in Article 19(1) are guaranteed to all persons, including foreigners.
- (b)Article 19(1)(b) protects an assembly carrying arms so long as it stays peaceful.
- (c)The right to property was removed from Article 19(1) and now stands as a constitutional right under Article 300A.
- (d)Article 19(1) at present enumerates seven freedoms.
Answerc — Clause 19(1)(f) carried the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property until the 44th Amendment Act, 1978 deleted it. Article 300A now provides that no person shall be deprived of property save by authority of law.
Option (a) fails because Article 19 opens with "All citizens shall have the right". Option (b) fails because clause 19(1)(b) reads "peaceably and without arms". Option (d) fails because six freedoms remain after the 1978 deletion.