SSC CGL 2025 Tier-I · 19 September 2025, Shift 1 · English Comprehension · Question 14 of 100

We transcribed this text from the pictures on a candidate's response sheet for this shift; the answer is the key SSC colour-marked on that sheet. Solution last reviewed 11 September 2026.

Where this paper and its answers come from

SSC does not publish CGL question papers or a public answer key. From 2025 the candidate response sheet prints every question and option as a picture, so the text here is transcribed from those pictures for this shift and checked against them independently; where the layout carries meaning, the picture is shown as well. Each answer is the key SSC colour-marked on that sheet. SSC released a tentative key for challenge and later its final one, both only to candidates behind a login, and the sheet does not say which of the two it carries. The solutions are written by UnlockIAS.

Convert the sentence provided below from its passive voice structure to an active voice structure: New protocols are expected to have been implemented by the end of the fiscal year.

(a)Authorities implemented the protocols by the fiscal year-end.
(b)The administration expects to implement protocols soon.
(c)Authorities are expected to implement new protocols by fiscal year-end.
(d)The protocols were implemented as expected.

Answer

Why

Correct — C. The stem has two verbs. The reporting verb are expected names no one who expects, and the key keeps it.

The voice change happens in the infinitive, which names no doer either, so the option supplies one:
to have been implemented → to implement
(no doer) → Authorities as subject

New protocols becomes the object, and the deadline survives as by fiscal year-end → option (c).

Why the others are wrong

(a)
Authorities implemented the protocols by the fiscal year-end. — implemented states the act as a finished fact. The stem only reports an expectation, and (a) drops it, along with the word new.
(b)
The administration expects to implement protocols soon. — soon replaces the deadline, by the end of the fiscal year. The administration also becomes the one that expects, which the stem never says.
(d)
The protocols were implemented as expected. — were implemented is still passive, be + past participle, so it fails the instruction. It also turns the expectation into a past fact and drops the deadline.

Concept

Reporting verbs such as say, believe and expect have a personal passive: subject + is expected + to-infinitive, as in New protocols are expected to have been implemented.

To turn the reported action active, keep that frame and turn the infinitive round: X is expected to have been implemented by Y → Y is expected to have implemented X.

The stem names no Y, so an active version has to supply a subject.

An honest caveat. (c) is not word-for-word. The stem's perfect infinitive would become to have implemented, and (c) has the simple to implement.

No option keeps the perfect, and by fiscal year-end still marks the deadline, so (c) is the closest conversion.

Key facts

Personal passive with a reporting verb: subject + is expected + to-infinitive.
to have been + past participle is the perfect passive infinitive, as in to have been implemented.
to have + past participle is the perfect active infinitive, as in to have implemented.
The same report fits the it-frame: It is expected that authorities will have implemented the protocols.

Study next

The it-frame with reporting verbs: It was expected that the council would make the decisionSimple against perfect infinitive: is said to live, is said to have livedAgentless passives, where an active version must supply a subject

Common traps

Rejecting (c) because are expected is still passive, when the stem names no one who could become its subject
Choosing (a) because it is fully active, although it turns an expectation into a completed fact
Choosing (b) because it keeps expect, without noticing that soon replaces the deadline

14 Sep 2025, 12:30, English Q.14 keys the same move with the perfect kept: The land is believed to have been acquired illegally by the company → The company is believed to have acquired the land illegally.

21 Sep 2025, 16:00, English Q.20 keys the it-frame instead: It was expected that the council would make the decision after review.

Related PYQs

No directly related past PYQ was found.

Topic: Active and passive voice — all 92 SSC CGL questions on it, every solved shift.