Instruction: Identify the assumptions that must hold for the statement to be valid, then choose the correct option. Statement: The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are non-justiciable in nature, meaning they cannot be enforced by the courts. However, they serve as guidelines for the government to formulate policies that promote social justice, economic welfare, and the overall well-being of the citizens. Assumptions: I. The DPSPs serve as instructions to the government to create policies aimed at promoting welfare. II. Since the DPSPs are not enforceable by courts, they have limited significance in real governance. III. The incorporation of DPSPs in the Constitution reflects the importance of social justice and welfare in Indian governance.

Correct — B.
Rule: an assumption is what the statement takes for granted. A claim that contradicts it cannot be implicit.

I: the statement says DPSPs serve as guidelines for welfare policy, so I is taken for granted.
III: calling them guides to social justice and welfare presumes those goals matter in governance.
II: the word However says the opposite. Unenforceable DPSPs still guide policy.

I and III are implicit → option (b).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Only I and II are implicit — II contradicts the statement. Its However clause says unenforceable DPSPs still guide government policy, so their significance is not treated as limited.
• (c)
  Only I is implicit — Only I leaves out III. Treating DPSPs as guides to social justice and welfare already presumes those goals matter in Indian governance, which is all III says.
• (d)
  All I, II, and III are implicit — All three would include II, which the statement's However clause rejects. Unenforceable does not mean insignificant here.

An assumption is an unstated belief the statement depends on. Test each one by denying it: if it were false, would the statement still make sense?

If DPSPs did not guide policy (I false), the second sentence collapses.
If welfare did not matter (III false), guidelines promoting it would be pointless.
If II were false, nothing breaks: the statement already argues DPSPs matter despite being non-justiciable.

Key facts

• The Directive Principles of State Policy are in Part IV of the Constitution, Articles 36 to 51.
• Article 37 says they shall not be enforced by any court but are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country.
• Article 37 also makes it the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.

Common traps

• Reading non-justiciable as unimportant and accepting II
• Rejecting III because the statement never names the Constitution

No directly related past PYQ was found.