Select the option that is related to the fifth number in the same way as the second number is related to the first number and the fourth number is related to the third number. 45 : 56 :: 62 : 73 :: 19 : ? (NOTE : Operations should be performed on the whole numbers, without breaking down the numbers into its constituent digits. E.g. 13 – Operations on 13 such as adding /deleting /multiplying etc., to 13 can be performed. Breaking down 13 into 1 and 3 and then performing mathematical operations on 1 and 3 is not allowed.)

Correct — B. Rule: add 11.

45 + 11 = 56
62 + 11 = 73

Apply it to 19.
19 + 11 = 30 — option (b)

The link is a constant difference, not a constant ratio: 56 divided by 45 and 73 divided by 62 are not equal, so no single multiplier fits both given pairs.

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  31 — 31 is 19 + 12. The step here is 11, since 56 − 45 = 11 and 73 − 62 = 11, and a step of 12 fits neither given pair.
• (c)
  28 — 28 is 19 + 9. Both given pairs move by 11, and a step of 9 would send 45 to 54 rather than to the 56 the question prints.
• (d)
  27 — 27 is 19 + 8. The gap in each given pair is 11, so 27 falls three short of what the rule produces.

A chained analogy of the form a : b :: c : d :: e : ? asks for one rule that fits every pair given. Subtract before you divide — a constant difference is the commonest relationship and the fastest to test.

Here 56 − 45 = 11 and 73 − 62 = 11, so the rule is settled by two independent checks before you touch the third pair.

The bracketed note bars digit-level operations, so readings such as 4 + 5 giving 9 are out and only whole-number arithmetic remains.

Key facts

• 56 − 45 = 11 and 73 − 62 = 11, so the rule is add 11.
• 19 + 11 = 30.
• The stem's note bars digit-splitting, so only whole-number operations are allowed.

Common traps

• Hunting for a multiplier first, which wastes time when the pairs differ by a constant
• Checking only one of the two given pairs before choosing

No directly related past PYQ was found.