The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off after which of the following incidents?

Correct — D. On 4 February 1922 a procession at Chauri Chaura, in Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces, was fired on, turned on the police and burnt the police station with policemen inside.

Gandhi held that the movement had lost its non-violent discipline. Eight days later, on 12 February 1922, the Congress Working Committee met at Bardoli and suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement.

That is the sequence the stem wants: one incident of mass violence, and a withdrawal that followed directly from it.

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Kakori train robbery — Kakori was 9 August 1925 — a train action near Lucknow by the Hindustan Republican Association. It falls three years after the withdrawal, and belongs to revolutionary rather than mass-movement politics.
• (b)
  Komagata Maru incident — Komagata Maru belongs to 1914 — a ship of Punjabi passengers turned away from Canada and fired on at Budge Budge on its return. It is years earlier than Non-Cooperation.
• (c)
  Outbreak of the First World War — The First World War broke out in 1914, six years before Non-Cooperation was launched. Its aftermath helped cause the movement, so it cannot be what ended it.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was adopted by the Congress at its Nagpur session in December 1920: surrender of titles, boycott of courts, schools, councils and foreign cloth.

It ran for a little over a year and was suspended, not defeated. Chauri Chaura gave Gandhi his reason, and his insistence that the means matter as much as the end is the point the episode is asked to illustrate.

Gandhi was arrested the following month and tried for sedition, and the Congress spent the years after arguing over whether the withdrawal had been right.

Key facts

• The Chauri Chaura incident took place on 4 February 1922 in Gorakhpur district.
• The Congress Working Committee suspended Non-Cooperation at Bardoli on 12 February 1922.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement had been adopted at the Nagpur Congress session of December 1920.
• The Kakori train action of 1925 came three years after the movement was called off.

Common traps

• Placing Chauri Chaura in 1919 alongside Jallianwala Bagh.
• Treating the movement as crushed by the government when it was withdrawn by Gandhi.

No directly related past PYQ was found.