Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: Some balls are toys. All circles are balls. All balls are pits. Conclusions: (I) Some circles are toys. (II) All pits are toys.

Correct — B.
Rule: a conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram the statements allow.

All circles are balls, but only some balls are toys. You may draw the toy overlap entirely away from the circle region, so conclusion (I) is possible, not necessary.

All balls are pits makes pits the wider class. Nothing pushes pits inside toys, so conclusion (II) fails too.

Neither survives, which is option (b).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Only conclusion (II) follows. — Conclusion (II) claims all pits are toys. The statements only put balls inside pits, never pits inside toys, so the pit class can be full of things that are not toys.
• (c)
  Only conclusion (I) follows. — Conclusion (I) needs circles to reach the toys. Because only some balls are toys, that overlap can be drawn clear of the circles, which makes (I) possible but not forced.
• (d)
  Both conclusions (I) and (II) follow. — This option needs both conclusions to hold. Each one fails on its own, so both together cannot follow.

A syllogism asks what must be true, not what could be true. Test a conclusion by trying to build one legal diagram in which it is false — succeed, and the conclusion does not follow.

Two quantifiers do the work here. All A are B is one-way: it puts A inside B and says nothing about the rest of B. Some A are B guarantees an overlap but fixes nothing about where that overlap sits.

The rider about facts at variance with common knowledge is there to stop you reasoning from real balls and real toys.

Key facts

• A conclusion follows only if it holds in every arrangement consistent with the statements.
• Some A are B is symmetric, so it also gives Some B are A.
• All A are B is one-way and does not give All B are A.
• Being linked through a common class is not enough — the link must be forced.

Common traps

• Reading Some balls are toys as if it placed the circles inside toys
• Treating All balls are pits as if it also meant all pits are balls

No directly related past PYQ was found.