Three statements are given, followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III. Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements. Statements: No lotus is a daisy. All lotuses are tulips. All tulips are sunflowers. Conclusions: I. All daisies are tulips. II. Some sunflowers are daisies. III. No sunflower is a daisy.

Correct — B. Draw the statements: Lotus sits inside Tulip, Tulip inside Sunflower, and Daisy is barred only from Lotus.

Rule: when two conclusions cover the same pair of terms, neither follows on its own, and they cannot both be false, the either-or option is the one that follows.

Nothing pushes daisies into the sunflower circle, so II is not certain. Nothing keeps them out either, because a daisy may sit inside Sunflower while still avoiding Lotus, so III is not certain.

But II (some sunflowers are daisies) and III (no sunflower is a daisy) cannot both be false. Exactly one of them holds in every valid diagram, which is the either-or case — option (b).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Only conclusion II follows — Only II cannot be right, because the whole daisy circle can be drawn outside Sunflower without breaking a statement. Some sunflowers are daisies is therefore possible, not proved.
• (c)
  Only conclusion I follows — Only I cannot be right: no statement links daisies to tulips positively. No lotus is a daisy is an exclusion, and an exclusion never places daisies inside Tulip.
• (d)
  Only conclusion III follows — Only III cannot be right, because a daisy may sit inside Sunflower and still avoid Lotus. No sunflower is a daisy is one possible diagram, not a forced one.

A conclusion follows only if it holds in every diagram consistent with the statements. One diagram that satisfies the statements and breaks the conclusion is enough to reject it.

The either-or case arises when two conclusions share the same subject and predicate and are contradictories, such as some A are B against no A is B. Neither can be proved alone, yet no diagram can refuse both. That pair is what the option either II or III is naming.

Key facts

• All lotuses are tulips and all tulips are sunflowers give all lotuses are sunflowers.
• Some A are B and no A is B are contradictories, so exactly one of them is true in any diagram.
• No lotus is a daisy is a negative statement, and no positive conclusion about daisies can be drawn from it alone.

Common traps

• Converting all lotuses are tulips into all tulips are lotuses.
• Accepting the first diagram you draw as the only one.
• Stopping at neither II nor III follows and never testing them as a pair.

No directly related past PYQ was found.