Which of the following is required under Article 108 of the Constitution of India to summon a joint sitting of the two houses of Parliament?

Question

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Correct — A, Intention of the President. Article 108(1) provides that if a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other, or the Houses disagree on amendments, or six months pass without the other House acting on it, the President MAY notify to both Houses, by message, his INTENTION to summon them to meet in a joint sitting. It is this notified 'intention' — not a 'satisfaction', an 'instruction', or a 'consent' — that is the constitutional trigger.

Why the other options are wrong — (b) Wrong term — 'satisfaction of the President' is the language used for other powers (e.g. Article 352 National Emergency, Article 356 President's Rule), not for summoning a joint sitting under Article 108.  (c) Not the constitutional language — the President notifies an 'intention'; he does not 'instruct' the Houses to hold a joint sitting.  (d) Not the trigger under Article 108 — a joint sitting is triggered by the President notifying his intention, not by his consent to something the Houses propose.

Concept: Article 108 lets the President resolve a legislative deadlock between the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on an ordinary Bill (not a Money Bill or a Constitution Amendment Bill) by summoning a joint sitting. The trigger is precisely worded: after a Bill is passed by one House and transmitted to the other, if it is rejected, or the Houses cannot agree on amendments, or more than six months pass without the other House passing it, the President notifies BOTH Houses, by message, his intention to summon a joint sitting. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides, and the matter is decided by a majority of the members of both Houses present and voting together.

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