MPPSC 2026 Prelims Paper-I · Question 54 of 100

Correct — C, Indra Narayan Dwivedi. The United Provinces Kisan Sabha was set up in February 1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi — the 'also' in the question points to the second name of that founding pair. Both came out of Home Rule League circles, and Madan Mohan Malaviya backed the new body and lent it his prestige. The Sabha spread quickly through the districts of Awadh, taking up the tenants' grievances — bedakhli (arbitrary eviction), nazrana (illegal premiums on tenancy), begar (forced labour) and rising rents — and it was through this network that Jawaharlal Nehru was drawn into the villages in June 1920.

• (a)Mahamana Malviya — Madan Mohan Malaviya supported the Kisan Sabha and gave it respectability, and he is rightly listed among those associated with it — but the founders named in the standard accounts of February 1918 are Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi.
• (b)Baba Ram Chandra — Baba Ramchandra was the Awadh peasant leader — a returned indentured labourer from Fiji — who led the tenant agitation from 1920 and helped set up the Oudh Kisan Sabha in October 1920; that is a different body, two years later.
• (d)Jhinguri Singh — Jhinguri Singh is named among the local leaders who, with Baba Ramchandra and others, formed the Oudh Kisan Sabha in October 1920 — again the 1920 organisation, not the 1918 one.

Two organisations, two years apart, are constantly mixed up. The United Provinces Kisan Sabha (February 1918) was the earlier, more moderate body founded by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi with Malaviya's support, working through Home Rule League networks. The Oudh Kisan Sabha (October 1920, Pratapgarh) came out of differences within it and was set up by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, Gauri Shankar Mishra, Mata Badal Pande, Jhinguri Singh and others; it absorbed most of the district kisan sabhas and drove the militant phase of the Awadh movement.

Every option in this question is a real person from the same story, so the sorting is by organisation and date, not by 'who sounds like a peasant leader'. Fix the two rows — 1918 UP Kisan Sabha: Mishra + Dwivedi (Malaviya's support); 1920 Oudh Kisan Sabha: Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, Jhinguri Singh — and every question in this cluster becomes mechanical.

• United Provinces Kisan Sabha — founded February 1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi, with Madan Mohan Malaviya's support
• Standard accounts (Bipan Chandra) record that it had grown to around 450 branches across the province by June 1919
• Tenant grievances it took up: bedakhli (eviction), nazrana (illegal levies for tenancy renewal), begar (forced labour) and high rents
• Oudh Kisan Sabha — October 1920, Pratapgarh: Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra, Gauri Shankar Mishra, Mata Badal Pande, Jhinguri Singh and others
• The Eka (Unity) movement of late 1921 in Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur, under Madari Pasi, was the next phase; the government's legislative response was the Awadh Rent (Amendment) Act of 1921

• Merging the UP Kisan Sabha (1918) with the Oudh Kisan Sabha (1920) — different founders, different years
• Assuming Nehru founded the 1918 body; he entered peasant politics only in June 1920
• Picking Malaviya simply because he is the most famous name in the list

Both commissions like the 'who founded / who was NOT associated' form — UPSC 2005 asked exactly that about the same February 1918 Sabha. Memorise the two founding rosters and the two dates, and the same fact answers either phrasing.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  The Oudh Kisan Sabha, formed in October 1920, was set up mainly at the initiative of:

  • (a)Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra
  • (b)Sahajanand Saraswati and N.G. Ranga
  • (c)Madari Pasi and Alluri Sitarama Raju
  • (d)Swami Vidyanand and Vallabhbhai Patel

  Answer(a) Jawaharlal Nehru and Baba Ramchandra — along with Gauri Shankar Mishra, Mata Badal Pande, Jhinguri Singh and others at Pratapgarh.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  The Eka (Unity) movement of 1921-22 in the districts of Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur was led by:

  • (a)Baba Ramchandra
  • (b)Madari Pasi
  • (c)Jhinguri Singh
  • (d)Gauri Shankar Mishra

  Answer(b) Madari Pasi — a low-caste leader under whom the Eka movement passed out of Congress control.