In Part-IV, relating to Directive Principles of State Policy, which of the following Articles was not added by the Forty-second Constitution Amendment Act?
- (a)Article 39A
- (b)Article 43A
- (c)Article 43B
- (d)Article 48A
Correct — C, Article 43B. It directs the State to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies, and it was inserted by the Ninety-seventh Constitution Amendment Act, 2011 — thirty-five years after the 42nd Amendment. The same 2011 amendment added Part IXB on co-operative societies and made forming co-operative societies part of the fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c). The other three Articles in the options were all inserted into Part IV by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
- (a)Article 39A — Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — equal justice and free legal aid, obliging the State to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied for economic or other disabilities.
- (b)Article 43A — Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — participation of workers in the management of industries, undertakings and other establishments.
- (d)Article 48A — Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
Part IV (Directive Principles) has been expanded three times. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A and recast Article 39(f) on the healthy development of children. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 added Article 38(2), obliging the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities. The 97th Amendment Act, 2011 added Article 43B on the promotion of co-operative societies. So of the four options here, only 43B falls outside the 42nd Amendment's batch.
The trap is purely visual — 43A and 43B sit next to each other, so the eye assumes they arrived together. They did not: 43A is 1976 (workers in management, part of the Emergency-era socialist push) and 43B is 2011 (co-operatives, part of a completely separate reform). Learn Part IV additions as three dated batches, not as a running list of Article numbers.
- 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added to Part IV: Article 39A (free legal aid), Article 43A (workers' participation in management), Article 48A (environment, forests and wildlife)
- The 42nd Amendment also amended Article 39(f) on the healthy development of children
- Article 43B (promotion of co-operative societies) came in through the 97th Amendment Act, 2011, along with Part IXB
- Article 38(2), on minimising inequalities in income and status, was added by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978
- Beyond Part IV, the 42nd Amendment also inserted Part IVA (Fundamental Duties, Article 51A) and added 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity' to the Preamble — earning it the nickname 'Mini-Constitution'
Three of the four options are 1976 insertions; Article 43B arrived in 2011 with the co-operative societies amendment.
- Assuming consecutive Article numbers (43A and 43B) were inserted by the same amendment
- Crediting the 42nd Amendment with Article 21A (Right to Education) — that was the 86th Amendment Act, 2002
- Mixing up Article 48 (organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry, original) with Article 48A (environment, added in 1976)
Both MPPSC and UPSC ask this as 'which principle was added by the 42nd Amendment' or its negative form. Memorise the 42nd Amendment's Part IV trio — 39A, 43A, 48A — and you can answer either direction instantly.
Which principle among the following was added to the Directive Principles of State Policy by the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution?
- (a) Equal pay for equal work for both men and women
- (b) Participation of workers in the management of industries
- (c) Right to work, education and public assistance
- (d) Securing living wage and human conditions of work to workers
Answer(b) Participation of workers in the management of industries
The same fact from the other side — UPSC's answer, workers' participation in management, IS Article 43A, one of the 42nd Amendment insertions that MPPSC 2026 asks you to separate from Article 43B.
By which Constitutional Amendment was the term ‘Socialist’ included in the Preamble?
- (a) First Constitutional Amendment
- (b) Second Constitutional Amendment
- (c) Forty-second Constitutional Amendment
- (d) Forty-fourth Constitutional Amendment
Answer(c) Forty-second Constitutional Amendment
MPPSC tests the contents of the 42nd Amendment repeatedly — the same 1976 Act that added 'Socialist' to the Preamble also added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A to Part IV.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Article 43B of the Constitution of India, which directs the State to promote co-operative societies, was inserted by which Constitutional Amendment Act?
- (a)42nd Amendment Act, 1976
- (b)44th Amendment Act, 1978
- (c)97th Amendment Act, 2011
- (d)101st Amendment Act, 2016
Answer(c) 97th Amendment Act, 2011 — which also added Part IXB and brought co-operative societies into Article 19(1)(c).
- practice — not a real PYQ
Which one of the following was NOT introduced into the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
- (a)Fundamental Duties in Part IVA
- (b)The words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' in the Preamble
- (c)Article 48A on protection of the environment
- (d)Article 21A on the Right to Education
Answer(d) Article 21A on the Right to Education — inserted by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002, not the 42nd.