Wednesday, 17 September 2025

UPSC Current Affairs

Q: Consider the following statements about Lokpal:

The correct answer is (a) I only. This question appeared in GS1 2025.

Q: Consider the following statements:

The correct answer is (a) 1 only. This question appeared in GS1 2007.

Q: सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2005 के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/कौन-से कथन सही है/हैं ?

The correct answer is (d) 1, 2 और 3. This question appeared in CAPF_GAI, GEO_GS 2023.

Q: Article 324 of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of which one of the following institutions in India?

The correct answer is (b) The Central Vigilance Commission. This question appeared in CAPF_GAI, GEO_GS 2022.

Q: Which one of the following ministries has repealed the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Rules, 2021 and replaced the same with the liberalized Drone Rules, 2021?

The correct answer is (a) Ministry of Home Affairs. This question appeared in ESE_GS, GS1 2022.

Q: मानव-रहित वायु वाहन (UAV) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

The correct answer is (a) केवल एक. This question appeared in ESE_GS, GS1 2025.

Q: Which of the following pairs of initiatives of the Government of India and their objectives is/are correctly matched?

The correct answer is (a) 1 only. This question appeared in CDS_GK 2025.

Q: With reference to ‘Quality Council of India (QCI)’, consider the following statements:

The correct answer is (c) Both 1 and 2. This question appeared in GS1 2017.

Q: ‘CARAT Bangladesh 2020’ was a joint naval exercise between Bangladesh and

The correct answer is (d) Thailand. This question appeared in CDS_GK, GS1 2021.

Q: Which of the following statements about 'Exercise Mitra Shakti-2023' are correct?

The correct answer is (d) 2, 3 and 4. This question appeared in CDS_GK, GS1 2024.

12 topicsGS-1: 1GS-2: 4GS-3: 7

0/12 done

GS-2Editorial

1.Integrity Principles for Public Officials (Integrity & Probity)

New Indian ExpressProbity · Accountability · Transparency

Illustration for Integrity Principles for Public Officials (Integrity & Probity)

What & Where

Integrity in Public Office: using state power strictly for public interest, aligned with legal-ethical standards.

Assam Case: ACS officer Nupur Bora held with ₹2 cr cash/jewellery; assets ≈400× declared income after 6-month Vigilance probe.

Governing Law: Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 (amended 2018) empowers attachment, time-bound trials, bribe-giver liability.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

PCA 2018: widens undue-advantage, penalises bribe givers, introduces corporate liability.
Statute sets two-year trial window; courts may extend to four for complex cases.
Whistleblower Protection Act needs vigorous enforcement to complement anti-graft regime.

Governance Reforms

Digital dashboards for postings, online asset declarations raise real-time transparency.
Enhanced autonomy for CVC, Lokayuktas, vigilance cells boosts proactive investigation capacity.
Special corruption courts ensure swift disposal of disproportionate-asset cases.

Ethical Foundations

Deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, social-contract theory collectively define civil-service integrity norms.
Core traits: probity, accountability, impartiality, transparency, rule-of-law adherence.
Moral leadership by officials catalyses society-wide ethical conduct.

Institutional Challenges

Weak enforcement, political patronage and slow trials blunt deterrence.
Opaque decision-making and organized official-contractor nexus embed corruption.
Delays in vigilance or departmental action enable misconduct to persist.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Investigating body	Assam CM Vigilance Cell
Probe duration	6 months
Cash + jewellery seized	>₹2 crore
Asset–income ratio alleged	~400 times
Core offence under PCA	Disproportionate assets
PCA trial limit	2 yrs (extendable to 4)
“Undue advantage” scope	Cash, gifts, favours, non-monetary
Bribe giver status	Punishable; coerced whistleblowers exempt
Corporate liability clause	Yes, if no preventive systems
Property attachment power	Seizure & confiscation of illicit assets

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2025PYQ 1

Consider the following statements about Lokpal:

GS-2Editorial

2.Judicial Experimentalism in Section 498A Cases (Judicial Activism)

The HinduSection 498A · Cooling Period · Family Welfare Committee

What & Where

Judicial Experimentalism: court-driven creation of new procedures/remedies beyond explicit statute to plug governance gaps.

Current instance: SC (2025) backs Allahabad HC “2-month cooling period” + Family Welfare Committees for Section 498A/BNS cases.

Geography/Jurisdiction: All India; directions bind police, magistrates handling matrimonial-cruelty complaints.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

Safeguard: Arnesh Kumar checklist mandates “notice of appearance”, bars routine arrests in 498A.
Overreach concern: Judiciary creates procedure without CrPC/BNS amendment, risking separation-of-powers breach.
Statutory gap: Parliament yet to legislate reconciliation/ADR mechanism for matrimonial cruelty cases.

Social Concerns

Delay risk: Victims denied immediate shelter, protection orders, or arrest during cooling period.
Trauma: Forced wait may demoralise complainants, reduce reporting of genuine abuse.
Stigma balance: Directions aim to shield innocent spouses from reputational damage due to false FIRs.

Precedents

Vishaka 1997: SC framed workplace-harassment guidelines pending law.
Prakash Singh 2006: Court-ordered police reform due to legislative inertia.
Lalita Kumari 2013: Allowed preliminary inquiry before FIR in certain complaints.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Penal provision	Section 498A IPC; renumbered Section 85 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023
Cooling period length	2 months before coercive action
Screening body	Family Welfare Committee (non-statutory)
Originating HC order	Allahabad High Court, 2022
SC endorsement case	Shivangi Bansal vs Sahib Bansal, 2025
Precedent struck down	Rajesh Sharma FWC directions quashed in Social Action Forum 2018
Key misuse-check case	Arnesh Kumar vs State of Bihar 2014
Constitutional right cited	Speedy justice under Article 21

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2007PYQ 1

Consider the following statements:

GS-2Polity

3.Central Information Commission Overview (RTI Institution)

DHCIC · RTI Act 2005 · Information Commissioner

Illustration for Central Information Commission Overview (RTI Institution)

What & Where

Apex appellate body under RTI Act, 2005 for second appeals and complaints

Constituted 12 Oct 2005 via Central Government notification, HQ: New Delhi

Jurisdiction covers all Central Public Authorities; states have separate SICs

Quick Facts for MCQs

Structure & Appointment

Vacancy recurring; commission headless 7 times in 11 years, affects case disposal
Commissioners chosen by President on panel’s recommendation; Oath before President
Maximum strength rarely filled, leading to backlog and slower transparency

Statutory Powers

Summon witnesses, administer oath, require record production akin to civil court powers
Can direct proactive disclosure improvements under Sec 4 obligations
Orders binding; non-compliance may invite disciplinary action via concerned authority

Governance Impact

Ensures transparency, accountability, curbs corruption in Union government bodies
Facilitates citizen participation by mandating timely, truthful information access
Weak staffing and delays risk eroding RTI regime effectiveness

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Statute	Section 12, RTI Act 2005
Composition	1 CIC + up to 10 Information Commissioners
Present Head	Post vacant after 3 Nov 2023 retirement of H Samariya
Appointment Panel	PM (Chair) + LoP Lok Sabha + Union Cabinet Minister nominated by PM
Tenure	3 years or till 65 years of age, whichever earlier
Core Function	Adjudicate second appeals against CPIO decisions
Complaint Power	Sec 18 RTI Act—refusal, delay, fee issues
Penalty Power	Sec 20—₹250 per day, max ₹25,000 on erring officials
Annual Report	Submitted to Parliament under Sec 25
Headquarters	Satarkata Bhawan, New Delhi

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, GEO_GS 2023PYQ 1

सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2005 के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/कौन-से कथन सही है/हैं ?

CAPF_GAI, GEO_GS 2022PYQ 2

Article 324 of the Constitution of India provides for the establishment of which one of the following institutions in India?

GS-2Polity

4.Civil Drone Regulation Bill 2025 (Drone Regulation)

New Indian ExpressUAS · DGCA · Digital Sky

Illustration for Civil Drone Regulation Bill 2025 (Drone Regulation)

What & Where

Legislation: Draft Civil Drone (Promotion & Regulation) Bill 2025 to supersede Drone Rules 2021.

Jurisdiction: All Indian civil airspace; Ministry of Civil Aviation with DGCA as chief regulator.

Coverage: Registration, type-certification, pilot licensing, geofenced zones, insurance, penalties for every unmanned aircraft system.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

Repeal: Bill grants statutory backing, nullifying 2021 Rules.
Confiscation: DGCA or police may seize drone, records, supporting devices for violations.
Offence: Flight in Red zone without nod declared cognisable, enabling arrest without warrant.

Safety & Security

Compliance: Anti-tampering, traceability and airworthiness features compulsory at manufacture stage.
Geo-fencing: Digital Sky auto-enforces Green (free), Yellow (ATC nod), Red (central nod) corridors.
Oversight: Continuous surveillance envisioned for secure drone-airspace integration.

Liability & Compensation

Insurance: Operator must hold active third-party policy before each flight.
Victims: Fixed ₹2.5 lakh (death) & ₹1 lakh (grievous hurt) payable, tribunal adjudicates.
Deterrence: Escalating fines plus custodial terms intended to ensure responsible drone usage.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Applicable year	2025 (draft stage)
Repeals	Drone Rules 2021
Primary regulator	DGCA
Mandatory ID	Unique Identification Number for every drone
Airspace layers	Green / Yellow / Red under Digital Sky
Clearance need	ATC in Yellow; Central govt in Red
Pilot licence	Remote Pilot Certificate compulsory
Insurance	Third-party cover mandatory
Max fine	₹1 lakh
Jail term range	3 months – 3 years
Death compensation	₹2.5 lakh
Injury compensation	₹1 lakh
Claims forum	Motor Accident Claims Tribunal

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

ESE_GS, GS1 2022PYQ 1

Which one of the following ministries has repealed the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Rules, 2021 and replaced the same with the liberalized Drone Rules, 2021?

ESE_GS, GS1 2025PYQ 2

मानव-रहित वायु वाहन (UAV) के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :

GS-3Economy

5.Framework to Boost Global Capability Centres (Global Capability Centres)

Indian ExpressGCCs · CII Policy · Innovation Hubs

What & Where

Global Capability Centre (GCC): wholly-owned offshore unit of an MNC handling IT, finance, engineering, R&D, support services

India: hosts ~50 % of world GCCs; count may rise from ~1 800 to 5 000 by 2030

CII: proposes National GCC Policy to make India global innovation headquarters

Quick Facts for MCQs

Economic Angle

Contribution USD 68 bn now; ceiling USD 600 bn FY30
Employment 10.4 m today could double by 2030
Rising share beyond 1.8 % of GDP strengthens services exports

Growth Drivers

Talent pool 1.9 m GCC professionals plus large annual STEM graduates
Geographic diversification and proven pandemic resilience reduce risk
Mature infra and strict data governance enable rapid scalable operations

Policy Prescriptions

Framework uses 3 pillars and 4 critical success factors talent infra inclusion innovation
Incentives: lower safe-harbour markups, IP-linked tax breaks, employment deductions
Digital Economic Zones and tier-II/III city hubs aligned with Smart Cities & Gati Shakti

Challenges

Digital skills gap widening 25 % 2023 to 29 % 2028; only 43 % graduates industry-ready
High attrition in AI analytics digital roles strains retention
Routine tasks dominate; limited IP creation risks overlap with domestic IT firms

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Current GCCs in India	~1 800
World share	~50 %
Addition pace	36 centres every 2 weeks
Projected GCCs 2030	5 000
Direct GVA FY25	USD 68 bn (1.8 % GDP)
GDP addition 2030 est	USD 470–600 bn
Jobs supported FY25	10.4 million
Jobs potential 2030	20–25 million (4–5 m direct)

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK 2025PYQ 1

Which of the following pairs of initiatives of the Government of India and their objectives is/are correctly matched?

GS-3EconomyQuick Bite

6.New Quality Control Orders Notified (Quality Standards)

PIBQuality Control Orders · DPIIT · Potable Water Bottles

What & Where

Quality Control Orders (QCOs): mandatory BIS-certified quality norms for listed products under BIS Act 2016.

Fresh QCOs cover potable water bottles (copper, stainless-steel, aluminium) and flame-producing lighters.

Notified nationwide by DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce & Industry; binding on domestic manufacture and all imports.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

BIS certification compulsory; violation punishable under BIS Act 2016 enforcement provisions.
QCOs expand India’s mandatory quality regime beyond 450+ product lines.
Orders published in Gazette; compliance grace period generally 6 months.

Trade & WTO

QCOs align with WTO-TBT but immune when justified on specified public-interest grounds.
Intended to curb dumping of cheaper, low-grade lighters and metal bottles.
Ensures level playing field for compliant domestic manufacturers.

Health & Safety

Safe-lighter norms avert accidental burns, household fires.
Metal bottle standards prevent leaching, contamination of drinking water.
Reinforces consumer trust in everyday utility products.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Notifying authority	DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce & Industry
Legal backing	Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016
Certifying body	Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Newly listed items	Potable water bottles; Flame-producing lighters
Bottle materials	Copper, Stainless steel, Aluminium
Applicable IS norms	IS for Potable Water Bottles; IS “Safety Specification for Lighters/Utility Lighters”
Market actions barred	Manufacture, import, storage, sale of non-BIS goods
Main policy aim	Block sub-standard, cheap imports; protect consumer health & safety
WTO shield grounds	Health, Safety, Environment, Deceptive trade, National security
Implementation scope	Domestic producers & all foreign suppliers to India

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2017PYQ 1

With reference to ‘Quality Council of India (QCI)’, consider the following statements:

GS-1Mapping

7.Qatar Geographical and Strategic Profile (West Asia Geography)

Times of IndiaDoha · Persian Gulf · LNG reserves

What & Where

Qatar — sovereign West-Asian desert peninsula, almost island in Persian Gulf, land border only with Saudi Arabia

Hereditary monarchy under House of Thani since 1868; independent from UK in 1971

Capital Doha hosts 80 %+ of residents, major diplomatic and energy hub

Quick Facts for MCQs

Political Structure

Emir wields executive, legislative, judicial authority
Consultative Assembly partly elected; can block but not initiate legislation

Economic Angle

Hydrocarbon driven high-income economy with vast gas and oil reserves
LNG exports key revenue source ensuring top-tier GNI per capita

Security Dimension

Strategic US ally; Al Udeid largest American base in West Asia
India at UNHRC condemned recent Doha attacks as breach of Qatari sovereignty

Geographic Notes

Peninsula separated from Bahrain by Gulf of Bahrain strait
Terrain predominantly flat, low-lying desert with sparse freshwater resources

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Official name	State of Qatar
Ruling house	Al Thani dynasty
Independence year	1971 (from United Kingdom)
Capital city	Doha
Land neighbour	Saudi Arabia (only)
Water body	Persian Gulf surrounds three sides
Gas reserves rank	3rd-largest globally
LNG status	Among world’s top exporters
GDP (PPP) per capita	Among global highest
Regional bloc	Member, Gulf Cooperation Council
US defence status	Major Non-NATO Ally; hosts Al Udeid base
Media arm	Al Jazeera Network

GS-3S&T

8.WHO Essential Medicines List Update (Essential Medicines)

The HinduGLP-1 drugs · Semaglutide · WHO EML

What & Where

GLP-1 receptor agonists now on WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) for type-2 diabetes with obesity/cardio-renal risk.

Molecules added: semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, tirzepatide; mainly injectable, one oral option.

WHO EML is a biennially-updated global guide for national essential medicines lists in 150+ countries.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Pharmacology

Mimic endogenous incretin; increase insulin, suppress glucagon, slow gastric emptying, curb appetite.
Dual benefit: glycaemic control plus 10–15% weight reduction in trials.
Tirzepatide acts on GLP-1 & GIP receptors, showing superior HbA1c lowering.

Public Health Policy

Inclusion prioritises procurement, regulatory fast-tracking, and guideline updates for diabetes comorbidities.
Supports UN SDG 3 target on non-communicable disease mortality reduction.
National lists often mirror WHO EML, enabling insurance and public-sector supply.

Economic Angle

Listing pressures patent-holders toward tiered pricing, voluntary licences, generic partnerships.
Bulk tenders through PAHO, UNICEF historically cut essential drug prices 30-60%.
Potential to reduce long-term health-care spend by averting cardio-renal events.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Drug class	GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics)
Newly listed agents	Semaglutide, Dulaglutide, Liraglutide, Tirzepatide
Primary indication	Lower blood glucose in type-2 diabetes
Key secondary benefit	Clinically proven weight loss & cardio-renal protection
Main delivery	Mostly sub-cutaneous; oral semaglutide exists
Natural hormone mimicked	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
EML first issued	1977 by WHO
EML update cycle	Every two years
Children’s EML launched	2007
Countries referencing EML	>150 for national lists

GS-3S&T

9.Aquamonitrix Portable Ion Chromatograph (Field Chromatography)

The HinduAquamonitrix · Nitrate Detection · Portable Device

Illustration for Aquamonitrix Portable Ion Chromatograph (Field Chromatography)

What & Where

Aquamonitrix – compact, battery-run ion chromatograph detecting nitrate & nitrite in real time, outside labs.

Works on extracted soil-pore water or direct water samples; field-ready for farms, rivers, treatment plants.

Jointly created by University of Tasmania scientists and Irish firm Aquamonitrix; planned global deployment.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Technology Specs

Low-pressure design; sodium-chloride eluent avoids hazardous solvent mixtures.
Short column with UV detector generates two clear peaks free from other anion interference.
Battery operation plus lightweight pump ensures full portability for continuous field use.

Environmental Impact

Real-time readings enable rapid action against agricultural nitrate pollution in rivers & soils.
Continuous monitoring supports nitrogen-cycle research, greenhouse nutrient management, wastewater oversight.
Planned arsenic module targets groundwater safety in India-Bangladesh arsenic belts.

Educational Role

User-friendly interface lets undergraduates perform chromatography without extensive lab setup.
Safe low-pressure system suitable for student field excursions and demonstrations.
Promotes experiential learning linking analytical chemistry theory with real environmental challenges.

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Instrument type	Low-pressure ion chromatograph
Power source	Rechargeable battery
Sample prep	Portable vacuum pump + on-site filtration
Carrier eluent	Sodium chloride solution
Detector	UV absorbance
Key analytes	Nitrate, nitrite (future: arsenic)
Column	Short-length, low-back-pressure
Primary developers	University of Tasmania + Aquamonitrix

GS-3Security

10.Operation Weed Out Anti-Drug Drive (Anti-Drug Operation)

PIBDRI · Hydroponic Cannabis · NDPS Act

What & Where

Nationwide anti-drug drive seizing hydroponic cannabis trafficked from Southeast Asia into India

Led by Directorate of Revenue Intelligence under CBIC, Ministry of Finance

Simultaneous interceptions at airports and urban hubs across multiple states

Quick Facts for MCQs

Security Dimension

Disrupts international narco-networks using India as destination and transit
Cuts financial flows sustaining organised crime and potential terror funding
Multi-agency coordination enhances border, airport and city surveillance

Operational Tactics

Intelligence-driven profiling pinpoints consignments and courier routes
Financial-trail probes trace financiers, logistic handlers, masterminds
Arrests and prosecutions follow mandatory NDPS guidelines ensuring stricter penalties

Social Concerns

Shields youth from easy access to high-potency cannabis variants
Reinforces government narrative of drug-free India through visible seizures
Public health safeguarded by curbing addictive and psychiatric harm

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Operation codename	Operation Weed Out
Lead agency	Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
Parent body	Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs
Targeted narcotic	Hydroponic cannabis (high-potency weed)
Recent haul	108.67 kg in < 20 days
Key law invoked	NDPS Act, 1985
Source region	Southeast Asia
National campaign supported	Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyan

GS-3Security

11.U.S.-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercises 2025 (Military Exercises)

ITTiger Lightning · Tiger Shark · Pacific Angel

Illustration for U.S.-Bangladesh Joint Military Exercises 2025 (Military Exercises)

What & Where

Joint US-Bangladesh exercises Tiger Lightning, Tiger Shark, Pacific Angel slated for 2025

RQ-21 Blackjack unmanned aerial system program begins 2025 in Bangladesh

Core geography Bay of Bengal littoral, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka hosting multiple drills

Quick Facts for MCQs

Security Dimension

Interoperability goal, US expanding strategic footprint near India’s eastern flank
Drills sharpen coastal vigilance, border security, UN peacekeeping readiness
Special forces, para-commandos, diving units trained for rapid crisis response

Tech & Assets

RQ-21 Blackjack catapult-launched UAS offers 16+ hr ISR over land & sea
C-130 Hercules used for airdrop and air-mobility training in Pacific Angel
US gear supports patrol boat handling, small-arms marksmanship during Tiger Shark

Disaster Response

Pacific Angel practices mass-casualty management, jungle survival, SAR coordination
Multinational lineup Australia Japan Maldives boosts regional HADR capacity
Air-ground drills refine aeromedical evacuation efficiency during disasters

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
Year of conduct	2025
Tiger Lightning focus	Counter-terrorism, peacekeeping, jungle warfare, med-evac
Tiger Shark speciality	Maritime security & special operations readiness
Pacific Angel scope	HADR, SAR, aeromedical evac, C-130 airdrop
RQ-21 partners	US Army & Navy with Bangladesh Army/Navy
Sri Lanka involvement	Hosts largest Pacific Angel event 2025

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, GS1 2021PYQ 1

‘CARAT Bangladesh 2020’ was a joint naval exercise between Bangladesh and

CDS_GK, GS1 2024PYQ 2

Which of the following statements about 'Exercise Mitra Shakti-2023' are correct?

GS-3SecurityQuick Bite

12.Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2025 Overview (Bilateral Exercise)

Indian ExpressYudh Abhyas · Fort Wainwright · Interoperability

What & Where

Bilateral field training Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2025 between Indian Army & US Army

21st edition hosted at Fort Wainwright, Alaska (Arctic/Indo-Pacific junction)

Focus on conventional, unconventional, hybrid & peace-keeping missions

Quick Facts for MCQs

Objectives

Interoperability; seamless brigade-battalion coordination across arms & services
Readiness; improve joint response against conventional, hybrid threats
Air-ground integration; synchronise rotary, fixed-wing support to land manoeuvres

Strategic Importance

Alaska offers dual Arctic-Indo-Pacific operating experience for Indian troops
Cold-weather acclimatisation alongside US Arctic-trained units enhances mountain warfare skills
Demonstrates commitment to secure, rules-based Indo-Pacific order

Historical Evolution

Started 2004 as small counter-insurgency platoon drill
Gradually incorporated conventional warfare, HADR, peacekeeping modules
Now among largest annual India–US Army engagements

Related Exercises

Vajra Prahar – Special Forces bilateral
Cope India – Air Force multirole combat drill
SALVEX – Naval salvage & EOD coordination
Malabar – Quad naval exercise with US, Japan, Australia

Key Data Points

Feature	Data-Point
First held	2004
2025 edition	21st
Venue	Fort Wainwright, Alaska
Terrain advantage	Arctic‐grade cold-weather conditions
Original aim	Counter-insurgency training
Current scope	Brigade-level ops, air-ground integration
Indo-Pacific link	Supports “Free & Open Indo-Pacific” strategy
Partnership frame	US-India Major Defense Partnership

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, NDA_GAT 2024PYQ 1

Which one among the following Joint Military Exercises was NOT conducted between India and USA?

CDS_GK, NDA_GAT 2023PYQ 2

The 16th edition of Indo-Nepal annual joint training exercise in jungle warfare and counter-terrorism operations was held in December 2022 at Nepal Army Battle School, Saljhandi. What is the name of this exercise?

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