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UPSC 2014: Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecological succession even on a bare rock, are actually a symbiotic association of
(a)algae and bacteria
(b)algae and fungi
(c)bacteria and fungi
(d)fungi and mosses
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Not attemptedCorrect Answer: (b) algae and fungi
A lichen is a stable mutualistic association between a fungus (mycobiont) and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium (photobiont); this partnership enables them to colonize bare rock and start primary succession. No known lichen is composed of algae with bacteria alone, fungi with mosses, or bacteria with fungi without an algal component. ([dalvoy.com](https://www.dalvoy.com/upsc/previous-years/2014/lichens-symbiotic-association-algae-fungi-ecological-succession?utm_source=openai))
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the correct answer to this UPSC 2014 Science & Technology question?▼
The correct answer is option (b): algae and fungi. Watch the detailed video explanation in our Sherlocking Prelims course on UnlockIAS.
Which year was this Biology question asked in UPSC Prelims?▼
This question was asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 2014, GS Paper 1, as Question 22. It falls under Science & Technology > Biology.
What is the difficulty level of this UPSC question?▼
This question is rated "easy". It tests basic recall and most well-prepared aspirants should answer it correctly.
How many UPSC Prelims questions have been asked from Biology?▼
UPSC has asked 97 questions from Biology (under Science & Technology) across multiple years. Visit the topic page to see the full list and year-wise trends.