Q: When Congress leaders condemned the Montagu-Chelmsford Report, many moderates left party to form the
(a)Swarajya Party
(b)Indian Freedom Party
(c)Independence Federation of India
(d)Indian Liberal Federation
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Moderate Constitutional Politics & Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1909-1920) — UPSC Prelims Previous Year Questions
1 questions from UPSC CSE Prelims GS Paper 1 on Moderate Constitutional Politics & Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1909-1920) (Modern History). Spanning from 2003 to 2003. Practice with show/hide answers and detailed explanations.
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What UPSC Asks About Moderate Constitutional Politics & Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1909-1920)
Moderate Constitutional Politics and the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms cover the transition from petitioning to limited self-government between the Morley-Minto Act of 1909 and the Government of India Act of 1919. Although only a single Prelims question has appeared so far, the area remains high-probability because it directly feeds into polity themes such as dyarchy, communal electorates and legislative competencies. UPSC likes to probe the exact provisions of the Indian Councils Act 1909, the Montagu Declaration of 1917 and the administrative features of the 1919 Act—central–provincial division, reserved vs transferred subjects and bicameralism. Statements on leaders’ reactions, the Annie Besant Home-Rule agitation and the Hunter Committee may be given in ‘true/false’ patterns. Precise memory of dates, terms like “instrument of instruction” and comparisons with later acts is crucial.
Related Modern History Sub-topics
Gandhian Mass Movements (1915-1942)64Constitutional Developments & British Plans (1909-1947)50British Administration & Economic Policies37Advent Of Europeans & British Expansion35Early Nationalism & Indian National Congress (1885-1915)32Revolutionary & Communist Movements22Key Personalities & Ideologies21Social & Religious Reform Movements20
All Moderate Constitutional Politics & Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1909-1920) Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is dyarchy under the Government of India Act, 1919 and how can UPSC frame it?▼
Dyarchy split provincial subjects into ‘reserved’ (handled by the Governor and his Executive Council) and ‘transferred’ (handled by ministers responsible to the legislature). UPSC may ask you to identify which subjects were reserved (e.g., law and order) or test statements claiming dyarchy existed at the Centre—an incorrect assertion.
Why does UPSC link the Montagu Declaration of 1917 with the Councils Act of 1909?▼
The 1917 Declaration promised “progressive realisation of responsible government,” making the limited reforms of 1909 appear inadequate. UPSC uses paired statements to ask whether the 1909 Act introduced communal electorates (true) and whether the Montagu Declaration led directly to provincial autonomy (false; only partial through dyarchy in 1919).