In 1918, the United Provinces Kisan Sabha was formed by which of the following leaders?
- (a)Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
- (b)Baba Ramchandra
- (c)Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
- (d)Indra Narayan Dwivedi
Correct — D, Indra Narayan Dwivedi. The United Provinces (U.P.) Kisan Sabha was set up in February 1918 at Lucknow by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi, with the active support of Madan Mohan Malaviya. Of the four names offered here, only Indra Narayan Dwivedi was one of its founders; the others belong to later or different peasant movements.
- (a)Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru — Nehru was drawn into the Awadh peasant agitation only from 1920-21, after visiting the peasants of Pratapgarh; he was not among the founders of the 1918 U.P. Kisan Sabha.
- (b)Baba Ramchandra — Baba Ramchandra organised the peasants of Awadh and founded the Oudh (Awadh) Kisan Sabha in 1920 — a separate, more militant body formed two years after the U.P. Kisan Sabha.
- (c)Swami Sahjanand Saraswati — He pioneered the Bihar peasant movement — founding the Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha (1929) and becoming first president of the All India Kisan Sabha (1936) — and had no role in the 1918 U.P. body.
The U.P. Kisan Sabha (February 1918, Lucknow) was one of the earliest organised peasant bodies in colonial India, founded by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi with Madan Mohan Malaviya's backing; within about a year it had hundreds of branches. It was soon overtaken by the more militant Oudh (Awadh) Kisan Sabha (1920) under Baba Ramchandra, which drew in Jawaharlal Nehru — a lineage running U.P. Kisan Sabha (1918) to Oudh Kisan Sabha (1920) to the later Bihar and All-India Kisan Sabhas.
The trap is to pick a more famous name — Nehru or Sahjanand Saraswati. The key is the exact body and date: the U.P. Kisan Sabha of February 1918, founded by Dwivedi and Mishra. Baba Ramchandra and Nehru belong to the 1920 Oudh phase, and Sahjanand Saraswati to Bihar and the all-India movement of 1929-36.
- U.P. Kisan Sabha: founded February 1918 at Lucknow by Gauri Shankar Mishra and Indra Narayan Dwivedi.
- Madan Mohan Malaviya actively supported its formation.
- The Oudh (Awadh) Kisan Sabha was formed in 1920 by Baba Ramchandra; Nehru joined the Awadh agitation from 1920-21.
- Swami Sahjanand Saraswati founded the Bihar Kisan Sabha (1929) and led the All India Kisan Sabha (1936).
Only Indra Narayan Dwivedi founded the 1918 U.P. body; the rest belong to later/other peasant movements.
- Choosing Nehru or Sahjanand Saraswati simply because they are more famous.
- Confusing the U.P. Kisan Sabha (1918) with the later Oudh Kisan Sabha (1920).
'Who was / was not associated with the U.P. Kisan Sabha (Feb 1918)' — both UPSC (2005) and UPPSC test the exact founders and the 1918 date.
Who among the following was not associated with the formation of U.P. Kisan Sabha in February 1918?
- (a) Indra Narain Dwivedi
- (b) Gauri Shankar Misra
- (c) Jawaharlal Nehru
- (d) Madan Mohan Malviya
Answer(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
The exact same fact from the other side — UPSC asks who was NOT a founder (Nehru); UPPSC asks who WAS (Indra Narayan Dwivedi) of the Feb 1918 U.P. Kisan Sabha.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Oudh (Awadh) Kisan Sabha, formed in 1920, was organised chiefly by:
- (a)Gauri Shankar Mishra
- (b)Baba Ramchandra
- (c)Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
- (d)Madan Mohan Malaviya
Answer(b) Baba Ramchandra — he mobilised the Awadh peasants and founded the Oudh Kisan Sabha in 1920.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The first president of the All India Kisan Sabha (1936) was:
- (a)N. G. Ranga
- (b)Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
- (c)Indra Narayan Dwivedi
- (d)E. M. S. Namboodiripad
Answer(b) Swami Sahjanand Saraswati — he presided over the founding session at Lucknow in 1936.