Which one of the following is NOT correctly matched ? (Provisions) – (Sources)
- (a)Fundamental Rights – USA
- (b)Directive Principles of State Policy – Ireland
- (c)Residual Powers of Center – Australia
- (d)Emergency powers – Germany
Correct — C, the mismatched pair. India's Residuary (residual) powers — the power over any subject not listed in the Union, State or Concurrent Lists — were borrowed from the Constitution of CANADA, not Australia. From Canada the framers took the federation-with-a-strong-Centre model, vesting residuary powers in the Union (Article 248 / Entry 97 of the Union List). Australia contributed a different set of features — the Concurrent List, freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse (Art. 301), and the joint sitting of the two Houses. So pairing 'Residual Powers of Centre' with Australia is wrong, and since the question asks which is NOT correctly matched, option (c) is the answer. The other three pairs are all correct: Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) from the USA, Directive Principles from Ireland, and Emergency provisions from the Weimar Constitution of Germany.
- (a)Fundamental Rights – USA — Correctly matched, so it cannot be the answer to a 'NOT correctly matched' question. Fundamental Rights (Part III) and judicial review were modelled on the US Bill of Rights.
- (b)Directive Principles of State Policy – Ireland — Correctly matched. The Directive Principles (Part IV) were adopted from the Irish Constitution, which had itself borrowed the idea from the Spanish Constitution.
- (d)Emergency powers – Germany — Correctly matched. The suspension of Fundamental Rights during a national Emergency was drawn from the Weimar Constitution of Germany.
The Indian Constitution is famously a 'bag of borrowings' — the framers studied many constitutions and adapted specific features. A standard list every aspirant must fix in memory: USA → Fundamental Rights, judicial review, independence of judiciary, impeachment of President; Ireland → Directive Principles, nomination to Rajya Sabha, method of Presidential election; Germany (Weimar) → suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency; Canada → federation with a strong Centre, residuary powers with the Union, appointment of Governors, advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court; Australia → Concurrent List, freedom of trade and commerce, joint sitting of Parliament.
The trap is that both Canada and Australia are federations, so students blur their contributions. The reliable discriminator: RESIDUARY POWERS + strong Centre = Canada; CONCURRENT LIST + trade/commerce freedom + joint sitting = Australia. Once you tag residuary powers to Canada, option (c) — which credits Australia — stands out as the odd, incorrect pair.
- Residuary powers of the Union (Art. 248, Entry 97 Union List) were borrowed from Canada — NOT Australia.
- From Canada: federation with a strong Centre, appointment of State Governors, advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
- From Australia: Concurrent List, freedom of trade/commerce/intercourse (Art. 301), joint sitting of both Houses.
- USA → Fundamental Rights & judicial review; Ireland → Directive Principles; Germany (Weimar) → suspension of rights during Emergency.
Residuary powers come from Canada; Australia gave the Concurrent List. So (c) is the mismatched pair.
- Swapping Canada and Australia — residuary powers = Canada, Concurrent List = Australia
- The question asks for the pair that is NOT matched — the correct answer is the WRONG pairing, not a right one
UPPSC and UPSC repeatedly test 'borrowed features' either as a match-list (provision ↔ country) or as a 'which is NOT correctly matched' item — memorise the country-wise map.
Match List I (Item in the Indian Constitution) with List II (Country from which it was derived) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the list. List I (Item in the Indian Constitution) A. Directive Principles of State Policy B. Fundamental Rights C. Concurrent List in Union-State Relations D. India as a Union of States with greater powers to the Union List II (Country from which it was derived) 1. Australia 2. Canada 3. Ireland 4. United Kingdom 5. USA Codes: A B C D
- (a) 5 4 1 2
- (b) 3 5 2 1
- (c) 5 4 2 1
- (d) 3 5 1 2
Answer(d) 3 5 1 2
Exactly the same concept — borrowed features. It confirms the Concurrent List came from Australia (C-1) and a Union with a strong Centre from Canada (D-2), which is precisely why crediting Australia with residuary powers is the wrong pair in this UPPSC item.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The idea of the Concurrent List in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from the Constitution of
- (a)Canada
- (b)Australia
- (c)USA
- (d)Ireland
Answer(b) Australia — the Concurrent List (and freedom of trade & commerce, joint sitting) came from the Australian Constitution.
- practice — not a real PYQ
In the Indian Constitution, residuary powers are vested in the Union — a feature adopted from which country?
- (a)United Kingdom
- (b)United States of America
- (c)Canada
- (d)Australia
Answer(c) Canada — India adopted the Canadian model of a strong Centre with residuary powers vested in the Union.