Select the correct indirect form of the given sentence. “Call the first witness,” said the judge.
- (a)The judge ordered them to call the first witness.
- (b)The judge asked if they would call the first witness.
- (c)The judge ordered that called the first witness.
- (d)The judge said that the first witness should be called.
Answer
Why
Correct — A. The direct speech is an imperative: an order with no subject.
An order is reported with a command verb (ordered, commanded, told), then the person ordered, then a to-infinitive: ordered them to call.
The judge names no listener, so the report supplies a pronoun, them, for whoever is being ordered. The judge ordered them to call the first witness is option (a).
Why the others are wrong
- (b)The judge asked if they would call the first witness. — asked if they would call turns the order into a yes/no question. The judge was not asking whether they would call the witness; he was telling them to.
- (c)The judge ordered that called the first witness. — ordered that called gives the that-clause a past verb with no subject. An order is reported with to + base verb (to call), not with a past tense.
- (d)The judge said that the first witness should be called. — said that ... should be called is grammatical, but plain said drops the force of the order, and the passive clause changes its voice. Ordered + person + to-infinitive reports it directly.
Concept
The type of sentence decides the reporting pattern.
Statement: said/told + that-clause.
Question: asked + if/whether or a wh-word.
Order or request: ordered/told/requested/advised + person + to-infinitive.
The verb chosen shows the tone: ordered or commanded for a judge's instruction, requested for a polite ask, advised for advice. A negative order takes not to: told them not to call.
A that ... should clause is not wrong in itself: 17 Sep 2025, 16:00, English Q.22 keys She advised that he should not be disturbed during the meeting for Let him not be disturbed during the meeting. What sinks the should-option here is plain said, which carries no order.
Key facts
- Imperative → indirect: verb of command + person + to-infinitive (ordered them to call).
- Negative imperative: not + to-infinitive (Don't shout → told us not to shout).
- Say needs to before a person (said to me), while tell takes the person directly (told me).
Study next
Common traps
- Reporting an order with asked if, as though it were a question.
- Keeping said, which carries no command, when the sentence is an order.
An order is reported the same way at 14 Sep 2025, 12:30, English Q.22 (Open the window → She told me to open the window), where She said me to open the window is a wrong option.
This paper reports a question instead at 19 Jan 2026, 11:00 AM, English Q.1.
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.