Read the following statement carefully and identify the conclusion that follows. Statement: The new mobile app launched by the municipality helps citizens report garbage or broken infrastructure. Conclusions: I. Citizens can contribute to better civic maintenance through the app. II. The municipality no longer needs field inspectors.
- (a)Only Conclusion I follows
- (b)Only Conclusion II follows
- (c)Both I and II follow
- (d)Neither I nor II follows
Answer
Why
Correct — A.
Rule: a conclusion follows only if the statement supports it without an extra assumption.
The app helps citizens report garbage or broken infrastructure. Reporting a problem is a way of helping get it fixed, so I follows. Its word can claims only a possibility.
Nothing in the statement touches field inspectors, so II does not follow → option (a).
Why the others are wrong
- (b)Only Conclusion II follows — Only Conclusion II follows reverses the answer. An app for reporting problems does not show that field inspectors are no longer needed, and this option drops I.
- (c)Both I and II follow — Both I and II follow accepts II. The statement says nothing about inspectors, and no longer needs is an absolute claim it gives no ground for.
- (d)Neither I nor II follows — Neither I nor II follows rejects I. If citizens can report garbage and broken infrastructure through the app, they can contribute to civic maintenance, which is all I claims.
Concept
A conclusion follows when it stays within what the statement says or directly implies. Watch for absolute words such as no longer, only, always and never: a conclusion that uses one needs the statement to rule out every exception.
Conclusion I is hedged with can and restates the app's purpose in general terms. Conclusion II jumps from a new reporting tool to removing a whole job, which the statement never discusses.
II can sound plausible if you imagine the app replacing site visits. The test is not what might happen, but what the statement itself establishes.
Key facts
- A hedged conclusion, with can or may, needs less support than an absolute one.
- An absolute conclusion, with no longer, only or always, needs the statement to rule out every exception.
- A new tool that helps with a task does not show that the old way of doing it has ended.
Study next
Common traps
- Accepting II because an app could reduce field work, though the statement never says so
- Rejecting I as too general, when can makes it a modest claim the statement supports
18 Sep 2025, 12:30, Reasoning Q.13 rejects an absolute claim the same way: a petrol price rise shows prices are linked to global markets, not that the government has no control over fuel prices, keyed a.
19 Sep 2025, 09:00, Reasoning Q.4 rejects the claim that supermarkets are no longer preferred, keyed a.
Related PYQs
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