Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph: 1. Artificial intelligence is a field of computer science focused on creating machines that can simulate human cognitive functions. 2. This process is used in various applications, from self-driving cars to medical diagnosis systems. 3. This is typically achieved by training machine learning models on vast datasets, allowing them to identify patterns and make predictions. 4. Through this training, an AI system learns to perform specific tasks, such as recognizing objects in images or translating text.
- (a)2, 3, 4, 1
- (b)3, 1, 2, 4
- (c)1, 3, 4, 2
- (d)1, 4, 3, 2
Answer
Why
Correct — C. Follow the this chain.
Sentence 1 has no back-reference word, so it opens by defining AI.
Sentence 3, 'This is typically achieved by training…', explains how, and introduces training.
Sentence 4, 'Through this training', needs 3 before it.
Sentence 2, 'This process is used in various applications', sums up and closes → option (c).
Why the others are wrong
- (a)2, 3, 4, 1 — Opens with 'This process', which has nothing to point back to, and ends on the definition of AI that the other sentences depend on.
- (b)3, 1, 2, 4 — Opens with 'This is typically achieved', but This has nothing before it to point to. 'Through this training' (4) also ends up far from sentence 3, where training is introduced.
- (d)1, 4, 3, 2 — Puts 'Through this training' (4) straight after the definition, before sentence 3 has mentioned any training.
Concept
Three of these four sentences lean on a back-reference: This, Through this training, This process. Such words point to something already said, so the sentence without one opens.
Then link each 'this + noun' to the sentence that first names the noun. Training is first named in sentence 3, so 'Through this training' (4) follows it.
Here 'This process is used in various applications' sums up the method and closes.
The link 3 → 4 by itself knocks out options (b) and (d); the opener knocks out (a).
Key facts
- Sentence 1 has no back-reference word, so it opens the paragraph.
- Training is first named in sentence 3, so 'Through this training' (sentence 4) must follow it.
- 'This process' (sentence 2) sums up the training method and names its applications, so it closes.
Study next
Common traps
- Opening with sentence 3 because it explains how AI works — its This needs something before it.
- Placing 4 right after the definition because it says what an AI system learns — this training has no referent until sentence 3.
A near-identical build is keyed 2, 4, 3, 1 at 14 Sep 2025, 09:00, English Q.24, on machine learning: definition first, training on examples next, and 'This makes them ideal for' tasks last.
Related PYQs
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