Arrange the following judicial events chronologically: 1. Berubari Union case 2. Kesavananda Bharati case 3. S.R. Bommai case

Correct — A. Date each case:

Berubari Union reference = 1960
Kesavananda Bharati = 1973
S.R. Bommai = 1994

Oldest to newest gives 1-2-3: option (a).

A cross-check: Kesavananda revisited Berubari's view that the Preamble is not part of the Constitution, so it must come after it.

Why the others are wrong

• (b)
  3-2-1 — This is the order reversed, newest first. Bommai (1994) is the latest of the three and Berubari (1960) the earliest.
• (c)
  2-1-3 — Kesavananda cannot precede Berubari. The 1973 bench revisited Berubari's 1960 view that the Preamble is not part of the Constitution, so it came later.
• (d)
  3-1-2 — Bommai comes last, not first. The 1994 judgment on President's Rule under Article 356 is the most recent of the three cases.

Berubari (1960), a Presidential reference, held that ceding Indian territory to a foreign country needs a constitutional amendment under Article 368. The Ninth Amendment, 1960, followed.

Kesavananda Bharati (1973), a 13-judge bench, laid down the basic structure doctrine and treated the Preamble as part of the Constitution.

S.R. Bommai (1994), a 9-judge bench, made President's Rule under Article 356 judicially reviewable and held that a majority must be tested on the floor of the House.

Key facts

• In re Berubari Union (1960): ceding Indian territory to a foreign country needs a constitutional amendment under Article 368.
• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (24 April 1973): 13 judges, 7-6, basic structure doctrine.
• S.R. Bommai v. Union of India (11 March 1994): 9 judges, President's Rule under Article 356 is judicially reviewable.
• The Preamble, held not part of the Constitution in Berubari, was treated as part of it in Kesavananda.

Common traps

• Placing Kesavananda first because its basic-structure doctrine feels foundational: Berubari is thirteen years older.
• Treating Berubari as an ordinary appeal: it was a Presidential reference, the Court's advisory route under Article 143.

No directly related past PYQ was found.