Which of the following was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights?

Correct — B. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 took property out of Part III. It omitted Article 19(1)(f), the freedom to acquire, hold and dispose of property, and Article 31 on compulsory acquisition, both from 20 June 1979.

The same Act inserted Article 300A in Part XII: "No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law." Property stopped being a Fundamental Right: option (b).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  Right to Equality — Right to Equality, Articles 14 to 18, is still in Part III. The 44th Amendment removed property, not equality before law.
• (c)
  Right to Freedom — Right to Freedom survives in Articles 19 to 22. The 44th Amendment cut only sub-clause (f) of Article 19(1), the property freedom, not the whole right.
• (d)
  Right against Exploitation — Right against Exploitation, Articles 23 and 24, bans trafficking, forced labour and employing children in factories. It remains a Fundamental Right.

The original Constitution protected property twice in Part III: as a freedom in Article 19(1)(f), and against compulsory acquisition in Article 31.

The 44th Amendment removed both and placed the right in Article 300A, Part XII. Property can still be taken only by authority of law, but the right can no longer be enforced through Article 32, which covers Part III rights.

Key facts

• 44th Amendment Act, 1978: Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31 omitted, with effect from 20 June 1979.
• Article 300A, Part XII: No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.
• Part III today: Right to Equality (Articles 14-18), Right to Freedom (19-22), Right against Exploitation (23-24).

Common traps

• Answering Right to Freedom because property sat inside Article 19: only sub-clause (f) went.
• Crediting the 42nd Amendment with the change: property went with the 44th.

No directly related past PYQ was found.