Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage :
Art, in its manifold forms—visual, performative, literary, and auditory—constitutes a domain that transcends utilitarian function and enters the realm of the symbolic, the affective, and the transformative. Its significance within society cannot be reduced to decoration or diversion; rather, it operates as a mode of critical reflection, a vessel of collective memory, and a catalyst for socio-cultural evolution. At its core, art interrogates the contours of reality by reframing perception. Whether through the destabilizing surrealism of a Dali canvas or the dissonant harmonies of avant-garde music, art dislodges the observer from complacency and compels re-engagement with the world. It is in this function that art becomes not only an aesthetic but an epistemological act—challenging dominant paradigms and opening discursive space for marginalized narratives. Historically, art has served as an archive of civilizations, encoding within its mediums the aspirations, anxieties, and ideologies of its epoch. From the sacred iconography of temple frescoes to the protest murals adorning urban decay, art becomes a text through which power, resistance, and identity are simultaneously contested and constituted. This historical embeddedness renders art indispensable to understanding not only what a society creates but what it values and fears. In modern democracies, the role of art assumes a distinctly political dimension. Art enables dissent when speech is suppressed, and engenders empathy where rational argument fails. Satire, documentary film, and performance art often articulate the unspeakable, using metaphor and allusion to subvert censure. Yet this potential also renders art vulnerable—to censorship, commodification, and ideological co-option. When stripped of autonomy, art may devolve into propaganda or elitist ornamentation—devoid of critical function. The sociological function of art extends to its capacity to cultivate communal belonging and individual introspection simultaneously. Participatory forms of art—street theatre, public installations, folk traditions—dissolve the binaries of creator and audience, democratizing aesthetic engagement. Meanwhile, solitary encounters with a painting or a poem can occasion personal revelation, catharsis, or ethical inquiry. However, in the algorithmic age, where virality and visibility often dictate cultural value, art faces unprecedented commodification. The aesthetic is frequently reduced to a spectacle optimized for consumption, divorced from nuance, complexity, or transgression. The challenge, therefore, is to preserve the sanctity of artistic integrity in the face of market and media pressures that threaten to flatten it into banality. Ultimately, the role of art in society is neither static nor monolithic. It is a dialectical force—at once reflective and projective, disruptive and redemptive. To safeguard art is to safeguard the capacity of humanity to feel, to question, and to reimagine.

What is implied by describing art as an “epistemological act” in the passage?

• (a)Art is an emotional expression.
• (b)Art is a method of acquiring and challenging knowledge structures.
• (c)Art serves as mere historical documentation.
• (d)Art reflects state-sponsored ideologies.